Anthro Quiz #1
Terms
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- evolutionary processes that occur within a species, short term changes in the frequency of genes (a few generations)
- microevolution
- Most common in Ashkenazi (European) Jews, caused by an abnormal form of an enzyme that as ganglioside GM2. When this substance builds up, it is toxic to nerve cells and death usually occurs before 5 years of age
- Tay Sachs Disease
- The study of human kind in a cross-cultural context. Anthropology includes subfields cultural anthro, linguistics, anthro, archaeology, and bio anthro
- Anthropology
- study of language.
- Linguistics
- the study of the material cultures of past peoples.
- Archeology
- the objects, from tools to art, left by earlier generations of people
- Artifacts
- including or involving all of something, especially all of somebody's physical, mental, or social conditions, not just physical systems, in the treatment of illness
- Holistic
- during gamete foundation, segregating pairs of units factos assort independently of each other
- independent assortment
- when parental alleles combine (when sperm cell units with the egg cell in gametes)to produce offspring, they retain their original characteristics
- Particulate Inheritance
- the study of the skeleton
- osteology
- during the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate, or segregate randomly so each sexcell receives one or the other with equal likelihood. It reflects the fact that in diploidorganisms, the chromosomes in a pair segregate randomly into sex
- laws of segregation
- the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate skin
- paleoontology/paleoanthropology
- was based on two assumptions. Each parent contributes equally to the offpsring, and their contributions are halved at each succesive generation
- blending theory
- change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over multiple generations
- evolution
- differential reproductive success over multiple generations.
- Natural selection
- having the same allele (gene) at the loci for a gene on both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes
- homozygous
- theory that there have been multiple creations interspersed by great natural disasters such as Noah's flood
- catastrophism
- having two different alleles (genes) at the loci for a gene on a pair of homologous chromosomes
- heterozygous
- theory that the same gradual geological process we observe today was operating in the past
- uniformitarianism
- in a diploid organisms, an allele that is expressed when present on only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
- dominant
- each living form possessed an absolutely fixed essence that could not be altered and that life was arranged in an orderly, hierachical ladder, with humans at the very top
- Immutability of Species
- in a diploid organism refers to an alles that must be present in two copies, (homozygous) in order to be expressed
- recessive
- everything remains fixed and unchanged. All forms of life created once and only once. Their presence on this planet will never change--remains fixed. Created perfectly by the master designer.
- Fixity of Species
- An observable or measurable feature of an organism. Phenotype can be anatomical, biochemical, or behavorial
- phenotype
- Linnaean naming system for all organism. Phenotypes can be anatomical, biochemical, or behavorial
- Phenotype
- Linnaean naming system for all organisms, consisting of a genus and species label
- Bionomial Nomenclature
- The genetic makeup of an individual. Genotype can refer to the entire genetic complement or more narrowly to the alleles present at a specific locus on two homologous chromosomes
- Genotype
- Aristotle's idea that all organisms existed in a hierachical ladder of sorts, with people at the top rung, was very much in place as both a natural philosophy and legal code
- Great Chain of Being=Scale of Being
- the sex cells: sperm in males and eggs (or ova) in females
- Gamete=Sex Cell
- The fundamental unit of heredity. Consists of a sequence of DNA bases that carries the information for synthesizing a protein (or polypeptide) and occupies a specific chromosomal locus
- Gene
- alternative versions of a gene. Different alleles are distingusihed from one another by their different effects on the phenotypic expression of the same gene.
- Allele
- Inherited abnormality of hemoglobin (carries oxygen in red blood cells). Usually causes early death (before you can reproduce) Often incorrectly referred to as "black person's disease"
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- different rates of reproduction among the individuals. Some individuals have a better chance of surviving and reproducing, passing on their beneficial traits that will be represented in the population
- differential fertility
- differnt in the death rate--weeding out the misfits. Individuals who are not adapted to their enviroment have a greater chance of dying early. Not living to reproductive age. Will their traits be represetned in the next generations? NO!
- differential mortality
- population evolves via natural selection
- industrial melanism
- heterozygote selected for contributing their alleles (both) to next generation-explains why both maintained in the population. Both alleles are being selected for
- Balanced Polymorphism
- the study of human remains applied to a legal context
- forensic anthropology
- the difference among humans such as physical and genetic traits...eye color, etc. Examines the distribution of traits. Helps us to avoid racism and makes up more understanding of human diversity
- human variation.