"The Human Species" - Intro to Biological Anthropology Ch. 3
Terms
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- Breeding Population (H)
- A group of organisms that tend to choose mates from within the group. (H)
- Genotype Frequency (H)
- A measure of the relative proportions of different genotypes within a population. (H)
- Allele Frequency (H)
- A measure of the relative proportion of alleles within a population. (H)
- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- In the absense of nonrandom mating and evolutionary forces, genotype and allele frequencies will remain the same from one generation to the next.
- Evolutionary Forces (H)
- Four mechanisms that can cause changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. (H)
- Nonrandom Mating (H)
- (Somewhat consistent)Patterns of mate choice that influence the distributions of genotype and phenotype frequencies. (H)
- Inbreeding
- Mating between biologically related individuals.
- Assortive Mating (H)
- Mating between phenotypically similar or dissimilar individuals.(H)
- Polymorphism(H)
- A discrete genetic trait in which there are at least two alleles at a locus having frequencies greater than 0.01 and too large to be the result of mutation alone.(H)
- Fitness (H)
- An organism's probability of survival and reproduction.(H)
- Balancing Selection
- Selection for the Heterozygote and against the homozygote.
- Stabilizing Selection(H)
- Selection against extreme values, large or small, in a continuous trait.(H)
- Directional Selection(H)
- Selection AGAINST one extreme in a continuous trait and/or selection FOR the other extreme.(H)
- Genetic Drift (H)
- A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the random fluctuations of gene frequencies from one generation to the next.(H)
- Founder Effect (H)
- A type of genetic drift caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals. The smaller the population the greater the deviation(H)
- Gene Flow(H)
- A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the movement of genes from one population to another.(H)