Pharmacology - II
Terms
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- Antibiotic of choice for intracellular infections - Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Doxycycline
- Antibiotic that is toxic so its used only topically for acne treatment
- Minocycline
- MOA for tetracyclines
-
30S inhibitor
Bacteriostatic
Interferes with reading of tRNA anti codon - MOA of chloramphenicol
- Binds to 50S and inhibits peptide bond formation
- Tetracyclines remain drug of choice for rare infections - what are they
-
Chancroid (H.ducrei)
Tularemia
Black plague
Brucellosis
Cholera
DOXYCYCLINE is the drug of choice - Alternative drug for anthrax
- Doxycycline
- Doxycycline elimination
-
- Forms complexes with fecal matter
- Does not accumulate in people with renal failure - 2 tetracyclines with extensive liver biotransformation
-
Doxycycline
Minocycline - Adverse reactions of tetracyclines
-
GI - most common (diarrhea)
- Life threatening staphylococcal enterocolitis (bloody diarrhea)
- CNS
- Allergy
- PHOTOTOXICITY
- HEPATOTOXICITY - In older people using tetracyclines can lead to _
- Negative nitrogen balance
- Ability of tetracyclines to binds Ca can lead to _
- Deposition in teeth and bones
- Demeclocycline can cause_
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Which drugs should not be used together with tetracyclines
-
Antacids
Milk and dairy products
Anti cholesterol drugs
Oral contraceptives
Barbiturates - Clinical use of chloramphenicol
-
- Meningitis
- Bacteremia
- BRAIN ABSCESS -
Brain abscess
Drug of choice -
2nd best - -
1st - chloramphenicol
2nd - ceftriaxone - Main adverse reaction of chloramphenicol
- Aplastic anemia - drug goes to bone marrow and produces more fat then blood cells
- Grey baby syndrome
-
- caused by giving chloramphenicol to neonates
- Abdominal distention, emesis, cyanosis, respiratory difficulty, finally vasomotor collapse and death - Drug interactions of chloramphenicol
-
- Inhibits P450 enzymes
- Do not combine with alfentanil (narcotic), phenytoin (anti seizure), anti coagulants