Clin Med Otolaryngology
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- 3 types of hearing loss
-
1. conductive
2. sensory
3. neural - 4 mechanisms of conductive hearing loss
-
1. obstruction (e.g., cerumen impaction)
2. mass loading (e.g., middle ear effusion)
3. stiffness effect (e.g., otosclerosis)
4. discontinuity (e.g., ossicular disruption) -
conductive hearing loss results from
a. inner ear
b. middle ear
c. external ear - b and c, middle and external ear
- causes of most cases of adult conductive hearing loss
- - cerumen impaction or - transient auditory tube dysfunction associated with upper respiratory tract infection
- causes of persistent conductive hearing loss
- chronic ear infection, trauma, or otosclerosis
- is conductive hearing loss generally correctable
- yes, medically and/or surgically
- Sensory hearing loss results from ____ ?
- deterioration of the cochlea, usually due to loss of hair cells from the organ of Corti
- What is prebyacusis?
- gradually progressive, predominantly high-frequency [sensory]loss with advancing age
- Other than presbyacusis, what are common causes of sensory hearing loss
- head trauma, excessive noise exposure, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus
- Is sensory hearing loss generally correctable?
- No, but it may be prevented or stabilized.
- Neural hearing loss stems from lesions of what 4 structures?
-
1. 8th nerve
2. auditory nuclei
3. ascending tracts
4. auditory cortex - What are some common causes of neural hearing loss?
-
- acoustic neuroma
- multiple sclerosis
- cerebrovascular disease - What simple instrument is used to test audiology?
- 512 Hz tuning fork
- What is the Weber test?
-
tuning fork is placed on the forehead or front teeth -
- conductive loss: sound appears louder in the poorer-hearing ear
- sensorineural loss: sound radiates to the better side - What is the Rinne test?
-
tuning fork is placed alternately on the mastoid bone and in front of the ear canal -
-conductive loss: bone conduction exceeds air conduction
- sensorineural loss: air conduction exceeds bone conduction