AP ART HISTORY--GOTHIC+ROMANESQUE
Terms
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- DOME OF THE ROCK
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-in Jerusalem
-rock inside of a mosque
-same rock that:
--Jewish believe Abrham took Issac to be killed (before Jesus)
--Christians believe Jesus ascended to talk to old prophets (during Jesus)
--Muslim believe Mohammed ascend into heaven (after Jesus) - GREAT MOSQUE AT SAMARI
-
-1st mosque
-Had onli 1 minurate
-Religious leader is the IMAM - PARTS OF A MOSQUE
-
-cloisters=zullah
-pulpit=minbar
-mihrab=niche that is on the wall that faces Meccah
-quiblah wall=entire wall towards Meccah
-atrium=same as others
-minurates=4 to call to the 4 corners of the world - BAYEUX TAPESTRY
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-1066
-Christian knights saw Haley's comet
--comet: omen from God (usually to have a crusade)
-William of Normandy saw comet and went across English Channel and conquered England in Battle of Hastings
-Harrold: king of England; died b/c arrow was shot through eye into brain and he pulled the arrow out (*Steve Erwin*)
-tapestry goes all the way around the room and art is flast an cartoon like
-romanesque art
-animal art flourished - ISLAM
-
-began in 600s with Mohammed
-had Central Plan Mosques w/ dome in the center
-Very decorated:
--no people
--rosets
abstract rose
--arabasque
designs on the outside of the building -
CHURCH STYLES:
ROMANESQUE -
-roman stuff (concrete, arches, domes)
-short and squatty
-dont know of inventor
-emphasis on the tymanum -
CHURCH STYLES:
GOTHIC -
-religious experience
-inventor: Suger (french)
-extremely tall + elegant
-emphasis on stained glass and jamb scultures - ROMANESQUE VOCABULARY
-
-trumeau: post btw doors
-tympanum: above the door (favorite theme is the Last Judgement)
-lintel: bar above door
-jambs: sculptures by door
-post: jamb closest to door
--*all of this is one the west side aka the westowrk*
---*apse points east towards Jerusalem*
----*30 feet tall* - EVANGELISTS' REPRESENTATIONS
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Matt: angelike w/ wings
Mark: male lion (mane)
Luke: eagle
John: ox or bull (cowlike) - GOTHIC VOCABULARY
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-nave arcade: series of columns + arches before the aisle
-gallery: walkway above sanctuary
-triforium: groupings of three
-clerestory: windows at top
-flying buttresses: hold building up and come out from building
--*150 feet tall (15 stories*
---rose windows and stained glass
----tried to make the church fireproof - WINDSOR CASTLE
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-has gothic arches on romanesque architecture
-newer castle
-architecture merges btw romanesque and gothic - ROMANESQUE CHURCHES
-
-usually have two bell towers
-clear glass
-roof slants above aisle
-rounded arches
-jambs by doors
-sculptures appear agitated - TYMPANUM AT MOISSAC
-
-most famous tympanum
-name of church is moissac
-Jesus looks like King Arthur
--aka Burger King
-all evangelists are agitated - ST.ETIEN
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-romanesque
--arches down the side
-gotic
--galley, clerestory, no triforium
-3 levels= late gothic - VAULTING
-
-ribbed vaulting: made out of ceramic
-groin vaulting: where two ribs come together
-sexpartite vaulting: six ribs come together; clear sign of gothic - ITALIAN ART
- -doesnt fit the mold
- CATHEDRAL AT PISA
-
-in Pisa
-said to be romanesque
-cross plan w/ dome
-bell tower in leaning
-separate building is baptistry - BISHOP SUGER
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-St.Dennis: 1st gothic church
-he added the characteristics of gothic architecture
-1st gothic architect/ inventor - NOTRE DAME PARIS: VICTOR HUGO
-
-Victor Hugo
-went inside and found it empty
-suprised at the decay
-saw name carved into stone in bell towers and thought someone might have lived there
-wrote the Hunchback of Notre Dame
-gave proceeds to fix up cathedral
-know as the SAVIOR OF NOTRE DAME - NOTRE DAME PARIS: FACADE
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-huge stain glass windows
-spire over crossing
-sharp points all over outside
-huge tympanum over door
-gargoyles:
-monsters that would scare away the devil and evil spirits
-water spouts
-tracery: holds stain glass together - NORTE DAME CHARTRE
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-two different bell towers: trying to out another church during construction
-stain glass is still original - NOTRE DAME AMIENS
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-jamb sculptures are super realistic
-super realism is a sign of the renaissance - REIMS CATHEDRAL
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-4 jamb sculptures:
-angel talking to mary; mary talking to cosuin
-3 artists
-3 people
-4 sculptures
-S Curve: invented by Greeks to make look more realistics
-Wet Drapery Effect: wrinkled; wet; from ancient greeks - SAN CHAPELLE
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-built for Louis the 9th
-name means "Saint Chapel"
-place for kings to pray to God
-tallest apse:
-bigger than any church ever built
-roof caves in and many workers die
-****END OF THE GOTHIC STYLE
-1/5 of intended size
-took what the could save and boxed it off
-more modern church
-windows are more abstract and still teach bible stories but not main focus - TYMPANUM EMPAHSIS COMPARISON
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-romanesque: last judgement with jesus in middle and 4 evangelists in animal form; heavy and scary
-gothic: death of the virgin mary; lighter - GERMAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURE
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-Holankirche: "hall churchs"
-krche=church
-hoaln=hall
-only go straight up
-no aisle
-no nave arcade etc.
-mary is more of a superstar in gothic work - GREAT BRITAIN PERIOD ARCHITECTURE: WESTMINISTER ABBEY
-
-most famous
-Diana and Charles were married here
-fan vaulting: more decorative; look like fans from gone with the wind
-Vivian Lee: played Sacrlet O'Hara
Gisant: sculpture on top of sarcophagus
-a cathedral - GREAT BRITAIN PERIOD ARCHITECTURE: SALISBURY CATHEDRAL
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-in Salisbru
-near Stonehenge
-large spire in middle
-non proportionate
*****PARLIAMENT IS NEO-GOTHIC - Richard the Lionhearted
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-led a crusade to fight the muslims
-captured and held for ransom
-John taxes the people: says its to bring Richard home but John keeps the money
-story of robin hood
-salisbury cathedral - ST.SERIAN
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-on coast of Normandy
-where D-Day occured
-William the Conquerer attacked England and won at the battle of hastings
-built to praise God