ACDEC: Art Basic
Terms
undefined, object
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- elements of art
- basic visual components of any artwork: line, shape, form, space, color, texture
- sensory properties
- another name for elements of art--percieved through the senses
- line
- most basic element, path of a point moving through space
- implied line
- line that uses interrupted dots or lines that the eye connects to create a line
- horizontal lines (what do they create)
- feeling of stability, peace
- vertical lines (create)
- stability, upward motion
- jagged lines (create)
- activity or chaos
- shape
- what defines the 2d area of an object
- form
- three-d object, like shape
- freeform
- irregular shape
- organic
- another name for freeform--expresses movement and rhythm
- space
- organization of objects and the areas around them
- positive space
- occupied by objects, shapes or forms (the figure)
- negative space
- area around the objects, shapes, or forms; aka ground
- high relief
- projects from the surface boldlu
- perspective
- illusion of depth
- contours
- visible borders of an object
- aerial perspective
- aka atmospheric, takes into acct the ways that particles in the air change appearances of things far away (less color)
- linear perspective
- developed in Renaissance, as lines recede into distance, converge and eventually vanish at pt on the horizon
- hue
- the name of the color
- primary colors
- three--red, blue, yellow
- color wheel
- invented in 18th century by Sir Isaac Newton
- value
- lightness or darkness of a color or gray
- tint
- lighter hue made by adding white
- shade
- darker hue made by adding black
- neutrals
- black and white, not hues
- intensity
- brightness or purity of a color
- complementary colors
- opposite hues on color wheel, intense contrast
- monochromatic
- use only one hue--harmonious, calm, subtle
- analogous colors
- next to each other on color wheel, harmonious effect
- triadic colors
- combo of three primaries, three secondaries, or three tertiaries, lively
- warm colors
- roy, seem to advance
- cool colors
- gbv, seem to recede
- local color
- true color of object or area as seen in normal daylight irrespective of effects of distance or reflections from other objects
- optical color
- effect of lighting on color
- arbitrary color
- colors chosen for emotional or aesthetic impact
- texture
- how things would feel if touched
- visual texture
- illusion of textured surface, patterened lines, contrasting light and dark for rough
- principles of composition
- means that artists use to organize the elements of art in a composition: rhythm, movement, balance, pattern, contrast, emphasis, variety, proportion, and unity: formal properties
- rhythm
- movement or pattern, created through repetition
- alternating rhythm
- two or more motifs used alternately
- motif
- single element of a pattern
- symmetrical balance
- elements of composition repeated on both sides of the central axis, stable, formal, architecture
- approximate symmetry
- shapes and objects slightly varied on either side of central axis
- asymmetrical balance
- visual balance achieved through organization of unlike objects, complex, position of objects, detail, and texture used
- focal point
- point where the eye rests
- proportion
- size relationships in a composition
- scale
- dimensional relation of the parts of a work to the whole or overall size of artwork
- When were the standards for human proportion established?
- 2500 years ago in Greek classical period
- What was the height of the human figure initially determined to be
- 7.5 heads high
- golden mean
- ratio between two dimensions of a figure so that the smaller is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the to (3:5, about)
- unity
- overall harmony or congruity
- proximity
- placement of separate objects close together or in groups
- hatching
- technique used in drawing, lines placed side by side
- crosshatching
- criscrossed lines to create shading
- stippling
- different values using pattern of dots
- pigments
- finely ground materiaals used to make paint color
- binder
- holds grains of pigment together and allows paint to adhere to surface (egg yolks, oil, wax)
- solvent
- used to thin or thicken paint and change its drying time (oil or water)
- fresco
- painting technique in which aretist mixes pure pigments with water and applies them to a plaster ground (buon=wet, secco=dry)
- when were oil paints widely used
- 1400s
- what is tempera and what are its drawbacks
- water-based paint, narrow tonal range, must be used fast
- glazes
- thin transparent layers applied over another color to alter it slightly
- impasto
- oil pt applied thickly or in heavy lumps
- when was the pt tube invented and what was its impact
- late 19th century, artust painted outside, impressionism, mixing
- encaustic
- wax-based pt used in ancient Egypt, fused with hot irons
- gouache
- water-besed, like tempera but better quality
- watercolor
- transparent, light to dark, not forgiving of mistakes
- relief printmaking
- artist cuts away parts from plate, and the remaining parts will print the image
- brayer
- ink roller
- burnisher
- tool used in printmaking to force ink onto paper
- intaglio
- lines incized, ink laid into the lines then forced out to make image
- engraving
- cutting lines into the surface of the plate
- etching
- design incised in wax, then put in acid that etches the exposed metal, the ink transfers
- lithography
- image drawn with wax on plate, saturated with water, ink then ony sticks to wax and is pressed
- screen printing
- photograph is transferred to fabric stetched on a frame, ink forced through screen
- collage
- mixed media type
- slip
- liquid clay
- throwin
- pots created on a wheel
- kiln
- oven for baking clay
- lost wax-casting
- cire perdue, original form made from wax, encased in plaster, molten metal poured in then finished with tools
- fibers
- both woven and non-woven materials
- soft sculpture
- sculpture made from fibers and stuffed
- when was glass first made
- 3rd millenium BC
- architecture
- art and science of designing and constructing buildings
- post-and-lintel
- long beam placed horizontally across posts (parthenon)
- who developed concrete
- Romans