Neurologic Assessment
Terms
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- Dura Mater
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Stron, hard, rigid membrane with 2 layers that protect the brain and make venous sinuses
Space between dura and skull is epidural space - Arachnoid
- Below dura mater and above pia matter, contains CSF, damage to intracranial vessels can lead to subarachoid hemmorhage
- Pia Mater
- Membrain closely attached to teh surface of the brain and spinal cord which invests the vessels passing into the parenchyma of the brain
- Meninges
- The membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Mainly frontal and parietal lobes, hemiplegia on contralateral side, greater in lower than upper
- Middle Cerebral Arterl
- Mainly Temporal lobes, aphasia and contralateral hemiplegia
- Posterior Cerebral artery
- Mainly occipital lobe, visual loss and contralateral hemiplegia
- CN I - Olfactory
- Smell, menigiomas grow slow, affect CNI suspect if pt covers with cold excuse and no s/s
- CNII - Optic
- Small snellen chart, check for HTN, DM, papilledema, esp, HA, Blind spot with IICP
- CN III, IV, VI - Eye movement
- Nystagmus, ptosis, double vision, smooth movement,
- CN V - Trigeminal
- Corneal Reflex, clench teeth, sharp dull test on face
- CN VII - Facial
- metalic taste, ringing in ear, funny ache behind ear, facial numbness, smile, frown and wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrows
- CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear
- hearinga bility, whispered words
- CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
- Taste, gag reflex, swallowing, vice quality, cough
- CN X - Vagus
- Pharynx & pharyngeal muscles, visceral organs and heart, history of saspiration, clearing their throat, trouble swallowing
- CN XI - Spinal Accessory
- Test shrug shoulder and turn head against resistance, weakness, unequal,
- CN XII - Hypoglossal
- Movement of the tongue, sounds like a lisk
- Proprioception
- identify objects in hands
- CN I
- Olfactory - smell
- CN II
- Optic - eye chart
- CN III
- Occulomotor - pupils and eyes follow objects
- CN IV
- Trochlear - eyes follow objects
- CN V
- Trigeminal - motor and sensory to face
- CN VI
- Abducens - move eyes laterally
- CN VII
- Facial - taste, facial symmetry, smile, close eyes
- CN VIII
- Vestibulocochlear - hearing
- CN IX
- Glossopharyngeal - gag and swallow, speak, cough, swallow tests
- CN X
- Vagus - sensory and motor for pharynx, visceral organs and heart, test same as IX
- CN XI
- Spinal Accessory - rotate head and shrug shoulders
- CN XII
- Hypoglossal - stick out tongue