Pathology Exam I
Terms
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What does Hypoxia mean?
-How does it cause cell injury -
O deprevation
-Reducing Aerobic Oxidative Respiration - What is Ischemia?
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Hypoxia is O deprevation and Ischemia is O deprevation due to loss of blood supply from impeded blood flow or reduced venous drainage
-loss of O and substrates (glucose to tissues) - How do you get hypoxia?
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-Blood isnt Oxgenated due to
-Cardiac Respirator Failure
RBC carry less O (CO Poising,Anemia) - What cells are O sensitive and which cells are not O sensitive?
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Neuron (O sensitive)
Muscle (Can adjust>> Anerobic Respiration) - Name the 7 Causes of Injury
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1-O Deprevation
2-Physical Agents
3-Chemical Agents and Drugs
4-Infectious Agents
5-Immunologic Reactions
6-Genetic Derangements
7-Nutrional Imbalances - Which category does Mechanical trauma, extreme temperatures, sudden changes in atmospheric pressure,radiation, and electrical shock
- Physical Agents
- Gives some examples of Chemical Agents and Drugs.
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Chemical Agents
-Glucose and Salt in Hypertonic Concentrations
Drugs
-Arsenic, Cyanide, Mercuric Salts - Can Insecticides, Herbicides, Air pollutants, CO, Absestos, Alcohol and Narcotic Drugs result in cell injury
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Only in large concentrations
-Known as Daily Companions - Name Infectious Agents that can cause cell injury
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Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites - The anaphylactic reaction to a foreign protein or drug is a prime exampe of this category
- Immunologic Reactions
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The following phrases describe this category which causes cell injury:
-Inborn Errors of Metabolism from enzymatic Abnormalities
-Down's Syndrome
-Sickle Cell Anemia - Genetic Derangements
- Describe how Nutritional Imbalance can injure cells
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Protein Calorie Def
Vitamin Def
Nutrional Excess
Cells either have the nutrients necessary to function or don't// they can also have too much - Excess lipids can cause what diseases
- Atherosclerosis
- Programmed Cell Death
- Apoptosis
- Always Pathogenic, Cell Death
- Necrosis
- Cells have 5 Vital Systems. If these systems are disrupted cell injury will result. Name the 5 Vital Systems
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1-Aerobic Respiration for ATP
2-Osmotic and Ionic Balance
3-Protein Synthesis
4-Structural Maintaince and Intracellular Transport (cytoskeleton)
5-Nucleus Function - How does the cell maintaing an osmotic and ionic balance
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ion compartmentalization
-If disrupted cell injury results - T or F. The cellular response to injurious stimuli depends on the type of injury, its duration, and its severity.
- True
- Name the 3 Molecular Mechanisms of Injury
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ATP Depletion
Increased Cytosolic Ca
Free Radical Generation