*USMLE 2 most common causes
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- Addison’s
- Autoimmune (2nd – infection)
- Acute MI - children
- Kawasaki disease
- Aneurysm
- Abdominal aorta
- artery in Aneurysm of Circle of Willis
-
Anterior Communicating artery
(causing bitemporal hemianopsia) - AV fistula
- Penetrating knife wound.
- Blindness
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Blindness - preventable
- Chlamydia
- Breast Mass
-
Fibrocystic Change Carcinoma
(also the most common in post-menopausal women age group) - Bug in Acute Endocarditis
- Staph aureus
- Bug in Bacterial Arthritis in young Adults
- Neisseria ghonorrhea
- Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – elderly
- Strep pneumoniae
- Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – newborns
- E. coli
- Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers
- Hib
- Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – young adults
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt
- Klebsiella
- Bug in Epiglottitis
- H.influenza-b
- Bug in food poisoning
- Staph aureus
- Bug in GI Tract
-
Bacteroides
(E. coli) - Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia
- Staph aureus
- Bug in opportunistic infection of AIDS
- CMV & Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall
- Bug in PID
- N. Gonnorrhoeae or Chlamydia
-
Bug in Pneumonia - Community - typical
(3 in order) -
SIK of pneumonia
- Strep pneumoniae
- h. Influenza
- Klebsiella -
Bug in Pneumonia - Hospital acquired
(3 in order) -
- Klebsiella
- Psuedomonas
- E. coli -
Bug in Pneumonia - Community - atypical
(2) -
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella - Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
- Strep Viridans
- Cancer - Leukemia - <14 yo
- ALL
- Cancer - Leukemia - >60 yo
- CLL
- Cancer - Leukemia - 15 -39 yo
- AML
- Cancer - Leukemia - 40 - 60 yo
-
CML
(or AML) - Cancer in Gynecologic - malignancy
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Cancer in Infancy - benign
- Hemangioma
- Cancer in Kids
- Leukemia
- Cancer in Men
- Prostate CA
- Tumor in Women
- Leiomyoma (fibroids)
- Cancer in Women - malignant
- Breast CA
- Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– adults
- Pheochromocytoma
- Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– kids
- Neuroblastoma
- Cancer of the Appendix
- Carcinoid - rare metastasis
- Cancer of the Bone
- Metastases from Breast & Prostate
- Cancer of the Bone - primary - adults
- Multiple Myeloma
- Cancer of the Brain– Child
- Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
- Cancer of the Brain–Adult
- Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
- Cancer of the Breast - malignant
- Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma
- Cancer of the Connective Tissue -benign
- Lipoma
- Cancer of the Esophagus - benign
- Leiomyoma
- Cancer of the Esophagus
- SCCA
- Cancer of the Esophagus - malignant
- SCC (60%) > adenocarcinoma (40%)
- Cancer of the Heart - adults
- Metastases
- Cancer of the Heart - Primary– adults
- Myxoma “Ball Valveâ€
- Cancer of the Heart - Primary – infancy
- Rhabdomyoma
- Cancer of the Liver
- Metastasis; lung > GI
- Cancer of the Liver - benign
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Cancer of the liver - Primary
- Hepatocellular CA
- Cancer of the Mouth
- SCC or Mucoepidermoid CA
- Cancer of the Mouth - upper lip
- Basal Cell CA
- Cancer of the Nasal cavities
- SCC
- Cancer of the Ovary - benign
- Serous cystadenoma
- Cancer of the Ovary - malignant
- Serous cystadenocarcinoma
- Cancer of the Pancreas
- Adeno (usually in the head)
- Cancer of the Pituitary
- Prolactinoma
- Cancer of the Placenta - benign
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Cancer of the Salivary Glands
- Pleimorphic Adenoma
- Cancer of the Skin
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Cancer of the Small Bowel
- Carcinoid - frequent metastasis from ileum
- Cancer of the Spleen - benign
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Cancer of the Stomach
- Gastric Adenocarcinoma; intestinal type or diffuse type
- Cancer of the Testicles
- Seminoma
- Cancer of the Thyroid
- Papillary Carcinoma
- Cancer that invades the Female GU tract
- Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
- Cancer; malignant lymphoma in kids
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Cancer; Site of metastasis
- Regional Lymph Nodes
- Cancer; Site of metastasis (2nd most common after LN)
- Liver
- Cancer;Genetic Alteration
- p53
- Cardiomyopathy
- Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
- Carpal bone dislocation
- Lunate
- Carpal bone fx
- Scaphoid
- Chromosomal disorder
- Down’s
- Cirrhosis
- Alcohol
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Congenital cardiac anomaly
- VSD membranous > muscular
- Congenital early cyanosis
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Congenital GI anomaly
- Meckel's diverticulum
- artery affected in a Coronary Artery thrombosis
- LAD
- Cushings syndrome
-
Exogenous Steroid Therapy
(then, primary ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH) - Death in Alzheimer pts
- Pneumonia
- Death in Diabetics
- MI
-
Death in HTN
(3 in order) -
- MI
- stroke
- renal failure - Death in SLE pts.
- Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
- Death in USA
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Dementia
- Alzheimer’s
- Demyelinating Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Diarrhea - children
- Rotavirus
- Dietary Deficiency
- Iron
- Disk herniation
- L4-L5
- End-stage Renal Disease
- Diabetes
- Enzyme deficiency
- 21 hydroxylase - 95% of CAH
- Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Form of Amyloidosis
-
Immunologic Bence Jones protein in Multiple Myeloma
(also called: Amyloid Light Chain) - Form of Tularemia
- Ulceroglandular
-
GI obstruction
(2) -
- Adhesions
- Indirect inguinal hernia - Glomerulonephritis
- IgA nephropathy aka Berger's
- Heart Murmur
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis
- Mitral
- Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
- Tricuspid
- Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever
- Mitral > Aortic
- Hereditary Bleeding Disorder
- Von Willebrand’s Disease
- Hernia
- Indirect
- Hypercalcemia
- hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperparathyroidism - Primary
-
Adenomas
(followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma) - Hyperparathyroidism - Secondary
- Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
- Hypertension
- Essential (95%)
- Hypertension - children
- Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor
- Hypertension - young women
- Oral contraceptives
- Hyperthyroidism
- Graves' Disease
- Hypopituitarism - adults
- Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
- Hypopituitarism - kids
- Craniopharyngioma
- Hypothyroidism
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- place of Intussusception
- terminal ileum into cecum
- Liver Disease
- Alcoholic Liver Disease
- Liver infection
- Viral Hepatitis - HVA
- Location of Adult brain tumors
- Above Tentorium
- Location of Childhood brain tumors
- Below Tentorium
- Lysosomal Storage Disease
- Gaucher’s
-
Mental retardation types
(3) -
- Down’s
- Fragile X
- Fetal alcohol syndrome - Motor Neuron Disease
- ALS
- Myocarditis
- Coxsackie B virus
- Nephrotic Syndrome - adults
- Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Nephrotic Syndrome - kids
- Minimal Change Disease
- Opportunistic infection in AIDS
- PCP
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Diabetes
- Portal Hypertension
- Cirrhosis
- Protozoal Diarrhea
- Giardia
- Pulmonary HTN
- COPD
- Renal Failure
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Right Heart Failure
- Left heart failure
- Secondary Hypertension
- Renal disease
- Sexually transmitted disease
- Chlamydia
- SIADH
- Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Single Gene Disorder
- Thalassemia
- Site of Diverticula
- Sigmoid Colon
- Sites of atherosclerosis
- Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
- Surgical Emergency
- Acute Appendicitis
- Thyroid disease
- Goiter
-
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
(upper and lower) -
Lower esophagus : trachea
Upper esophagus : blind pouch - Type of Hodgkin’s
- Nodular sclerosis
- Type of Non-Hodgkin’s
- Follicular, small cleaved
- Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)
- Temporal Arteritis
- Viral Encephalitis
- HSV
-
Worm infection in US
(2) -
- Pinworm
- Ascaris - endocarditis w/ prosthetic valves
- S. epidermis
- endocarditis due to chronic heart problems
- Viridians strep
- bug from a cat scratch
- Bartonella
- Fish tapeworm that causes B-12 deficiency
-
Diphyllobothrium Latum
(D. Latum) - Amyloid in the Kidney
-
Chronic disease
(Tuberculosis) - precursor to nasopharyngeal CA
- EBV
- first 3 possible presentations of CF and the age.
-
1. Meconium ileus - infancy
2. poor growth & fatty stool - toddler
3. increased respiratory infections - > 3 y/o - increased AST & ALT w/ ratio of AST:ALT < 1.5
- viral hepatitis
- increased AST & ALT w/ ratio pf AST:ALT > 1.5
- alcoholic hepatitis
- Increased Alkaline phosphatase
- Biliary problem (cirrhosis)