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Band Glossary

Terms

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Monophony, monophonic
the texture of music in whihc there is a signle unaccompanied melodic line
Ritardando
gradually slower
Attack
Promptness and precision in beginning a phrase
Clef
A symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to indicate the pitch of the notes in the staff
Key signature
the sharps or flats placed at the beginning of the staff to denote the scale and tonal center upon which the music is based
Half-step
the intercal from one pitch to the immediately adjacent pitch
Ostinato
a repeated meoldic or rhythmic pattern
fine
the end
Tenor
the highest male voice
Fermatta
a hold; held longer than normal
da capo
the the beginning
Note
the symbol which, when placed on a staff with a particular clef sign, indicates pitch
Major
The designation for certain intervals and scales
Homophony, homophonic
the texture of music in which a melody is supported by a chrodal accompaniment
Range
the gamut of pitches from low to high
Triiad
a chord of three tones arranged in thirds
Accelerando
gradually faster
Modulation
the process of changing from one key to another within a composition
Cambiata
A term meaning change, applied to a boy's changing voice
Notation
a term for a system of expressing music through the use of written characters
Dissonance
Sounds of unrest; the opposite of consonance
Madrigal
a vocal form which originated in Italy during the 14th century
Semitone
a half step
Pentatonic scale
a scale formed by 5 different tones
segno
the sign
1st or 2nd ending
repeat with different ending
Theme and Variations
A musical idea and any number of modifications
Meter signature
the numbers placed at the beginning of a composition to indicate the meter of the music
Blend
The quality of sound that gives an ensemble its own distincive sound
al
to; used with code or fine
Improvise
performing music spontaneously without notation or memory
Intonation
singing or playing in tune
Enunciation
the manner of singing or speaking words as it pertains to distinct vowels and consonants
Form
to design or structure of a musical composition
Staccato
detached sounds, indicated by a dot over or under a note
partner song
2 or more songs with compatible meter signatures and key signatures that may be performed simultaneously
Classroom instruments
those instruemnts whether purchased from a manufacturer or created in the classroom that produce melodic, harmonic, or percussive sounds
repeat
repeat section between signs
A cappella
song without instrumental accompaniment
Polyphony, polyphonic
music in which 2 or more parts move independently
Ternary form
3-part form in which the middle section is different from the other sections ABA
Binary form
the term used to describe a composition of 2 sections, AP, each of which may be repeated
fortissimo
very loud
Renaissance
the period 1450-1600
Triple meter
Meter based on three beats or a multiple of three, in a measure
Harmony
the sounding of 2 or more tones simultaneously
Introduction
the opening section of certain musical compositions
crescendo
gradually louder
Meter
the structure of notes in a regular pattern of accented and unaccented beats within a measure
Coda
Closing section of the composition that draws on musical material from the piece it concludes
Program music
Music in which pictorial or poetic ideas are portrayed
Atonal
Lacking a tonal center
Consonance
intercallic relationships that produce agreeable sounds
Sequence
the repetition of a melodic pattern on a higher or lower pitch level
Meldoy
a succession of musical tones
Legato
smoot, held full value
Mixed voices
the combination of male and female voices
Scale
a successions of tones
Staff
5 lines and 4 spaces upon whihc musical notation is placed
Fugue
a musical composition in which a theme is stated successively by a number of voices
Octave
the eigth tone above a given pitch with twice as amyn vibrations per soecond
Bar
Measure
Baroque
the period 1600-1750
Accent
with a shart attack
Staccato
short, detached
Rondo
a musical form, usually the five-part form of A-B-A-C-A
coda
the final section of music
Diaphragm
the muscular area that seperates the chest cavity from the abdoment.
mezzo piano
medium soft
forte
loud
Opera
a dramatic performance set to music
Unison
singing or playing the same notes by all singer or players, either exactly at the same pictch or ina different octave
Absolute Music
Music that is not associated with pictorial or poetic ideas
Interval
the distance between 2 pitches
Timbre
the characteristic quality ofa voice or instrument
Soprano
the highest female voice
Conduction patterns
the pattern of the beat of the music that the conductor uses to direct the music
Texture
the way melodic lines are combined, either with or without accompaniment
Resonance
reinforcement and intensification of sound by vibrations.
Bar line
the verticle line placed on the staff to divide music into measures
Duple meter
Music that moves in two's
Imitation
the recurrence of a melodic line in different voices or parts
Suite
a form of Barogue music consistion of a number of movements, each in the character of dance and all in the same key
Terraced dynamics
the Baroque practice of suing sudden changed in dynamics, as opposed to a gradual increase or decrease in volume
Synthesizer
an electric keyboard that duplicated the sounds of various instruments
piano
soft
mezzo forte
medium loud
Dynamics
how loud or soft one should play or sing
Tempo
the rate of speed in a usical work
Time signature
synonymoues with meter signature
pianissimo
very soft
Romantic
the period 1825-1900
Marcato
with a strong attack
Balance
A satisfying arrangement of musical elements and sections
dal segno al coda
from the sign to the coda
Phrase
a relatively short portion of a melodic line that produces a music line, such as a line or sentence in poetry
Alto, contralto
The lowest female voice
Canonic
A term used to describe polyphonic style of music in which all parts have the smae melody but start at different times
dal segno
from the sign
Minor
the designation for certain intercals and scales
Accent
a symbol placed above a note to indicate stress or emphasis
Diction
Degree of clarity and distintness of fronunciation in singing
diminuendo/ decrescendo
gradually softer
rhythm
the organization of sound in time
Sonata form
a musical form consistion of three sections and ofter a coda
Style
the charasteric language of a composition as distinguished from its form
Atriculation
The movement of the jaw, lips, soft palate, and tongue to form intelligeble sounds.
Tonality
the organization of the melodic and harmonic elements to give a feeling of a key center or a tonic pitch
Argeggio
A term used to describe the pitches of a chord as they are sung or played one after the other, rather than simultaneously

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