Martini Male reproductive
Terms
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- Accessory glands
- function to provide nutrients for sperm motility, activate the sperm, and produce buffers that counteract acidity of urethra and vagina
- Interstitial cells
- cells located in the spaces between the seminiferous tubules - produce testosterone
- Scrotal cavity
- name of compartment that holds the testes
- Circumcision
- surgical removal of the prepuce is one way to avoid smegma
- Efferent ductules
- connect the rete testes to the epididymis, where sperm is stored and maturation occurs
- Recall
- late in their development, sperm detach from the sustentacular cells and are free within the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. Since they are not yet motile, fluid currents transport them along the straight tubule, through the rete testes, and into the epididymis
- Prostatic urethra
- sixth stop in the sperm pathway right after the ejaculatory duct
- Accessory glands
- fluids contributed by the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis account for only 5% of the final volume of semen - secretions from ______ glands make up the rest
- Seminiferous tubules
- long coiled U-shaped tubes that are distributed among the lobules in the testes - also the site of sperm production
- Neck
- narrow region of the glans on the male penis
- Lobules
- compartments resulting from the septa in the testes
- Sensory and motor nerves
- scrotum richly supplied with ________ and ________ nerves
- Corpus spongiosum
- erectile tissue that surrounds the penile urethra - expands distally to form the glans of the penis
- Cremaster muscle
- continuous with the abdominal wall, elevates scrotum for temperature regulation
- Testosterone
- hormone that influences brain development by stimulating sexual behaviors and sexual drive
- Body
- In the epididymis, begins distal to the last efferent duct and extends inferiorly along the posterior margin of the testes
- Reproductive tract
- consists of ducts that receive, store, and transport gametes
- Seminiferous tubules
- where sperm is produced and consequently the first stop in the sperm pathway
- Straight tubule
- single tube that connects the seminiferous tubules with the mediastinum of the testes
- Smooth muscle
- wall of the ductus deferens made up of this, making it able to perform peristaltic contractions like in the esophagus and intestines of the digestive tract
- Semen
- fluid ejaculate containing sperm and secretions of accessory glands of the male reproductive tract
- Epididymis
- long, coiled tube in the male reproductive tract, lined with simple columnar epithelium
- Cremaster muscle
- layer of skeletal muscle that lies deep to the dermis - contraction tenses the scrotum and pulls the testes closer to the body
- Epididymis
- monitors and adjusts the composition of fluid produced by the seminiferous tubules, recycles damaged spermatozoa, stores sperm, and facilitates maturation
- External genitalia
- perineal structures associated with the reproductive system
- Rete testis
- series of interconnected tubular passageways within the mediastinum of the testes
- Testosterone
- hormone that stimulates growth and metabolism throughout the body
- Preputial glands
- located in the skin of the neck - produce a waxy material known as smegma
- Seminal fluid
- component of ejaculate that contains mixture of glandular secretions
- Testes
- primary sex organ in males which produces gametes (sperm)
- Ductus deferens
- begins at the tail end of the epididymis and ascends into the abdominopelvic cavity through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord
- Bulbourethral glands
- small, round paired glands located at the base of the penis that function to produce alkaline mucous that neutralizes urinary acids in the urethra and provides lubrication for the tip of the penis
- Ductus deferens
- fourth stop in the sperm pathway right after the epididymis and before the ejaculatory duct
- Dartos muscle
- layer of smooth muscle found within the dermis of the scrotum - tonic contraction causes the wrinkled appearance of the scrotum
- Accessory glands and organs
- secrete fluids into ducts of the reproductive system or into other excretory ducts
- Urethra
- composed of prostatic, membranous, and penile parts
- Head
- superior portion of the epididymis that receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinum of the testes
- Mediastinum
- area of the testes where the septa converge - supports the blood vessels, lymphatics of the testes and the ducts that collect and transport sperm out of the testes.
- External urethral meatus
- opening of the urethra to the outside of the body
- Tail
- In the epididymis, marked by several convolutions near the inferior border of the testes
- Membranous urethra
- seventh stop in the sperm pathway right before the penile urethra
- Capacitation
- In sperm, the activation process that must occur before a sperm can successfully fertilize an egg by becoming motile and changes its membrane permeability in the female reproductive tract
- Testosterone
- hormone that causes development of secondary sexual sex characteristics by influencing the development and maturation of non-reproductive structures
- Ductus deferens
- functions include transport and storage of sperm - sperm can be stored here for months
- Testosterone
- hormone that maintains accessory organs of the male reproductive tract
- Ampulla
- expanded portion of the ductus deferens
- Spermatic cord
- components: ductus (vas) deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of the testicular vein, ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves, and cremaster muscle
- Body
- tubular, movable portion that consists of 3 parallel cylindrical masses of erectile tissue
- Cremaster reflex
- contraction occurs during sexual arousal and in response to changes in temperature
- Glans
- expanded distal end of the penis - enlargement of corpus spongiosum
- Penis
- tubular organ that contains the distal portion of the urethra
- Perineal raphe
- raised thickening in the scrotal surface that marks the division between the scrotum and position of the testes
- Spermatic cord
- composite structure that consists of layers of fascia, tough connective tissue and muscle enclosing the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics supplying the testes
- Prostate gland
- small, muscular, rounded gland that encircles the prostatic urethra as it leaves he urinary bladder
- Descent of testes
- process in which testes form inside body and move down with the spermatic cord
- Sustentacular cells
- AKA sertoli cells; large cells that are attached to the basement membrane at the tubular capsule - newly formed spermatids are embedded in within the cytoplasm of these cells
- Seminal vesicles
- (accessory gland) tubular glands that are coiled and folded into a compact, tapered mass
- Root
- region of the penis that is attached to the pubic bone
- Testes
- produce physically mature sperm that are not yet capable of successful fertilization because they are not yet motile
- Enzymes
- component of ejaculate that contains protease that helps dissolve mucous secretions in the vagina, and seminalplasmin
- Epididymis
- long, coiled tube and the third stop in the sperm pathway right after the rete testis and before the ductus deferens
- Tunica albuginea
- dense fibrous layer that surrounds the testes - rich in collagen fibers which extend into the testes forming partitions or septa
- Penile urethra
- last stop in the sperm pathway right after the membranous urethra
- Ejaculate
- volume of fluid released during a typical ejaculation (2-5mL); contains sperm, seminal fluid and enzymes
- Sustentacular cells
- function to maintain the blood testes barrier, support of spermatogenesis, support of spermiogenesis, secretion of inhibin, secretion of androgen-binding protein
- Ejaculatory duct
- short passageway that penetrates the wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra near the ejaculatory duct from the other side
- Spermiogenesis
- process of sperm differentiation that leads to the formation of mature sperm
- Corpora cavernosa
- paired erectile tissue on the anterior surface of the body of the penis
- Bulb
- in the male penis, the unpaired posterior region of erectile tissue - continuous with the corpus spongiosum in the body
- Testosterone
- hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis and promote physical and functional maturation of spermatozoa
- Gonads
- reproductive organs - produce reproductive cells (gametes) and hormones
- Tunica vaginalis
- serous membrane that covers the outside of each testis and lines the scrotal cavity - also reduces friction between the opposing surfaces
- Crura
- in the male penis, the paired posterior regions of erectile tissue - continuous with corpora cavernosa in the body
- Inguinal hernia
- protrusion of a loop or portion of the visceral abdominal contents through the inguinal canal
- Ejaculatory duct
- fifth stop in the sperm pathway right after the ductus deferens and right before the prostatic urethra
- Sperm
- component of ejaculate that contains 20-100million _____ per cubic mL of semen
- Rete Testis
- series of interconnected tubular passageways and the second stop in the sperm pathway after the seminiferous tubules and before the epididymis
- Spermatogenesis
- process of sperm production that begins at the outmost layers of the seminiferous tubules
- Prepuce
- foreskin; fold of skin that surrounds the tip of the penis