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HH 10 History Exam 1

Terms

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Americans who believe America should be an Empire.
Imperialists
what are taken over by larger countries.
Colonies
process of stronger countries taking over and developing smaller countries into an Empire.
Imperialism
Who was teddy roosevelt's "hand-picked successor"?
William Howard Taft
What did the 18th amendment start?
the era of Prohibition
addition ot COnstitution that made us, manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol illegal.
18th Amendment
addition that created permanent federal income tax.
16th Amendment
trade tax on imports
Tariff
professional conservationist. appointed by Roosevelt to head newly formed US forest service. pioneer of scientific management.
Gifford Pinchot
Who was the first truly conservationist president?
Roosevelt
Who were the first 2 women in charge of any part of government?
Julia Lathrop and Mary Anderson
head of newly formed women's Bureau in department of labor
Mary Anderson
head of newly formed children's bureau of department of labor
Julia Lathrop
How did Roosevelt start the Department of Labor
minor department with two bureaus- children and women's
Who created the department of Labor?
Roosevelt
What was teh first true regulatory industry in America?
the railroad industry
What does the ICC do?
commission created out of gov wanting to regulate railroad industry.
What does ICC stand for?
Interstate commerce comission
roosevelt against trusts in beef, tobacco,standard oil, and railroad business.
The Trsutbuster
not enforced for the first 11 years
Sherman-anti trust act
monopoly of business by buying out opposing companies.
Trust
policies by T.R. that protected workers farmers and small business people from big business. started when Coal Miners of America go on Strike- insist on 3rd party arbitration.
Square Deal
What did Teddy Roosevelt refer the White House to?
bully pulpit
When did roosevelt become president?
in 1901 at age 31.
Who was the first president to think progressively?
Theodore Roosevelt
What did LaFollette do to show the voters embarrassment?
went to representations and publicly read role call to see who voted what.
What did LaFollette do?
enacted social welfare reforms, served for 12 years, brings in education/academics
What was Robert LaFollette's nickname?
"fightin' bob" lafollette
reform governor of Wisconsin
Robert LaFollette
created by states to oversee companies because the courts are still backing big business owners.
Department of Labor
required direct election of our senators, ratified in 1913
17th Amendment
in order to qualify, have to take a test giving out government job on merit.
Civil Service System
states granting cities this system that gave a limited ability to rule themselves.
Home Rule
one of first states for choosing senators.
Oregon
voters choose candidates for election
Direct Primary
voters can vote to remove elected officials from office
The Recall
allowed citizens to vote directly on a bill.
The Referendum
allowed citizens to put bills directly before the legislature.
The Initiative
voting with more choices, or more control.
expanded democracy
What job did Hazen Pingree move to?
went from reform mayor of Detroit to governor of Michigan
What did Hazen Pingree create?
public baths, parks, play areas, work relief programs, free kindergartens.
reform mayor of Detroit. pioneers city ownership of utilities (form of socialism)
Hazen Pingree
an American city devastated by flood which encouraged the people of the city to use council manager form of government.
Dayton, Florida
an American city devastated by a hurrican that prompted the people of the city to use a commission form of government.
Galveston, Texas
Who started the IWW (Internation Workers of the World)?
Mary Harris Jones
What did Mary Harris Jones do?
got a job at a sweatshop, but decides to organize movement. traveled to help start unions. she was against public labor- holds a march to D.C. as publicizing.
-from Chicago -"Mother Jones" -Irish immigrant, wife of iron worker -husband and four kids died of yellow fever -took care of herself by dress-shop -burned in chicago fire of 1871
Mary Harris Jones
-lived in Chicago -vocal protestor advocating women's rights -governor of illinois chooses her to head inspecting factories -got a degree to become lawyer to be able to prosecute
Florence Kelly
-women wanted to vote -fueled temperance movement: though could trace all bad things done to alcohol)
Women's Movement
ran for the presidency five times as a Socialist (when it was a legitimate party)
Eugene V. Debs
How long did Socialism grow?
until 1917.
what is socialism a lesser form of?
communism
a political and economic system which called for government or public control or ownership of property and industry.
Socialism
American factories where workers worked long hours for low wages in unsafe and unhealthy conditions.
Sweatshops
first president to give labor a chance.
Teddy Roosevelt
court orders prohibiting things such as striking.
Injunction
Why were employees treated so horribly?
labor was plentiful because of immigrants.
Which did the government favor, unions of management?
management
How quickly was the Labor Movement growing?
very slowly
Who was the first person Roosevelt aimed his term "muckrakers" at?
Upton Sinclair for his "The Jungle"
What was the result of Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"?
Congress passed pure food and act.
wrote "The Jungle"- exposed conditions in US's meat packaging industry.
Upton Sinclair
wrote book "Looking Backward", addresses social and political problems by pointing out how bad it is in 1889.
Edward Bellamy
wrote book "History of the Standard Oil Company"... exposed unfair business practices used by big companies in the US, protests companies trying to create monopolies.
Ida Tarbell
wrote book "A Shake of the Cities"... exposed corruption in city governments.
Lincoln Steffens
Who coined the term 'muckrakers'?
Teddy Roosevelt
How were the muckrakers though of?
troublemakers and bad for the country.
journalists, authors whose works exposed problems in the government and society.
Muckrakers
What were the four basic goals of the Progressives?
1. gov. more accountable to people:answerable to what they want. 2. gov. work to curb power and influence of wealth-run for benefits of all americans. 3. gov needed expanded powers so it could improve lives. 4. needed to be more efficient and less corrupt
How far did progressivism go among parties?
it stretched across party lines, both republicans and democrats.
why didn't many of the rich help the progressives?
didn't need the help.
why didn't the poor work with the progressives?
didn't have time or money to help.
What kind of movement was progressivism?
an urban movement- began in cities (mostly in the North) because the high number of people magnified problems.
Were the Progressives a unified movement?
no.
what Americans were beginning to think of themselves- that government had responsibility to improve the lives of its citizens.
Progressives
time period in US history that stretches from 1890-1920.
Progressive Era
Germany forced to pay for damages done in war -crushes their economy
reparations
Open agreements between nations -no secret alliances, agreements, or treaties
first of 14 points.
every nations' ships can go anywhere they want without being attacked.
second of fourteen points.
Removal of all trade barriers
3rd of 14 points
A reduction of armaments to lowest point of safety.
4th of 14 points.
Adjust colonial policies, taking into account rights and interests of people in the colonies.
5th of 14 points.
develop self-rule and determination for all the people of Europe.
10th of 14 points.
League of Nations
14th of 14 points.
The Tiger of Versailles
Clemenceau
British Prime Minister
David Lloyd George
French Premier
Georges Clemenceau
Italian Premier
Vittorio Orlando
competitive swimmer who completely shatters male-set record of swimming the English Channel by 2 hours.
Gertrude Ederle
Charles Lindbergh's plane that he flew across the Atlantic Ocean
The Spirit of St. Louis
communities that developed on outskirts of big cities mostly to improve transportation.
suburbs.
proposed addition to the constitution first introduced in 1923 which called for men and women to have equal rights throughout the US.
Equal Rights Amendment
Spanish speaking neighborhoods that developed in and around cities in Southwestern US.
barrios.
crime prevalent in 1920's against African American victims. James Weldon Johnson tried to get federal laws passed against.
lynching.
general who commanded US troops during WWI
John J. Pershing
US people bought them to pay for the war, and after they reached maturity cashed in and got a little extra -- war bonds.
Liberty Loans
laws where you could be fined $10,000 and prisoned up to 20 years for interfering with the draft, sale of war bonds, or saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive against the US laws and war efforts.
Espionage and Sedition Acts.
the term that exemplified the super-patriot and anti-German attitudes of many Americans during the war -sauerkraut.
Liberty Cabbage
head of food administration
Herbert Hoover
what the American Army that participated in WWI was called.
AEF
wouldn't let anyone see Woodrow Wilson after his stroke.
Edith Wilson
supreme ally commander in Europe during WWI.
Ferdinand Foch.
What American soldiers were called.
Doughboys.
generally regarded as greatest US hero of the first world war. -famous for being skilled marksman -got Congressional medal of honor.
Alvin York
part of treaty isolationists objected to because it said the league could call upon member nations to furnish troops that would be sent to troubled areas of the world.
Article X (ten)
law that required all US men to register for the military draft.
Selective Service Act.
government agency which regulated and nationalized certain businesses in US to make sure we had resources to fight the war.
War Industries Board.
government agency breated to settle disputes between labor and management to prevent stoppages in war industries. -tells labor unions they can bargain collectively if they don't strike.
National War Labor Board.
government agency which sought to increase food production so we could feed ourselves, soldiers, allies, and eventually enemies.
US food administration.
Republican senator who lead the reservationists.
Henry Cabot Lodge.
members of Senate who supported treaty and league of nations with changes
Reservationists.
members of Senate who refused to support treaty and league no matter what.
Irreconcilables.
part of treaty where Germany is forced to assume responsibility for starting the war and causing most of the damage.
The war guilt clause
where the concentration of tension in Europe is greatest.
The Balkans.
where archduke and wife sophie are killed - going to announce plans after parade.
sarajevo.
a black hand agent who misses killing the archduke from his designated position, and when trying to catch them, he finds them because parade was diverted.
Gavrilo Princip.
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
the side of the war which was led by the nations of Germany, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. -originally known as Triple Alliance.
Central Powers
Serbian Nationalist Terrorist Group
The Black Hand.
heir to Austria-Hungary throne assassinated by the Serbs of Serbia because he wanted to turn it into a tri-monarchy.
Franz Ferdinand
why was the archduke murdered?
Serbs in Serbia realize if Serbs in Austria-Hungary are happy, they'll never ebel to help them.
movement of thousands of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial cities of the north.
Great Migration
Germany would invade France to defeat enemies in West, then turn its attentions to the East to defeat Russia who is always slow to mobilize.
Schlieffen Plan.
nation whos neutrality was violated by Germany at the beginning of the war.
Belgium.
where the German advance was halted.
Marne, France.
fighting out of a ditch.
Trench Warfare
can't make any more moves, no winner.
Stalemate.
white supremacist terrorist organization that existed in the South and was recreated in the 1920's.
Ku Klux Klan
violence and bloodshed that occurred in cities during that year -race riots.
Red Summer
popular religious movement during the 20's in which Christians believed in a literally interpreted bible.
Fundamentalism.
controversial scientific theory during the 1920's which said life developed over a hundred million years and from lower life.
Evolution.
most violent city in America due to gangster activity that flourished in the 1920's and to race riots earlier in the era.
Chicago.
people who illegally manufacture alcoholic beverages or smuggle them into the country.
bootleggers.
federal law that made alcohol illegal -legal machinery to be able to try people.
Volstead Act.
addition to the Constitution in 1933 which ended the era in which alcoholic beverages were outlawed.
21st Amendment
what people called the time in US history when alcoholic beverages were illegal.
Prohibition.
new techniques used to convey information around the country.
Mass Media.
popular dance during the 1920's - wild, energetic, could dance w/ or w/o partner: captured the spirit of the time.
Charleston
becomes center for African Americans in the US.
Harlem
wildly popular music of the 1920's that made them what they were.
Jazz
first commercial radio station in America
KDKA
"Manassa Mauler" -boxer who popularized and turned boxing into a phenomenon.
Jack Dempsey
2nd person to fly solo across Atlantic Ocean -decides to fly around the world -mysteriously disappeared.
Amelia Earhart.
first woman in US Congress- was before women of the country could vote.
Jeannette Rankin.
1927- becomes hero to American people as 1st to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
Charles Lindbergh.
Spanish speaking immigrants who settled in large #'s in New York during the 1920's.
Puerto Ricans.
the young, energetic, sometimes rebellious women of the 1920's who adopted the newest styles and fashions.
flappers.
Yankee baseball player, considered greatest sports hero of the era
Babe Ruth
sports writers voted him greatest athlete of first half of 20th century.
Jim Thorpe
"the galloping ghost" -first great university football player -makes it a big attraction
"Red" Grange
addition to Constitution in 1920 which made use, sale, manufacture, and transport or alcoholic beverages illegal
18th Amendment
term applied to a group of writers during the 1920s who were disillusioned by horrors of war, and felt detached from society which was increasingly materialistic.
Lost Generation
a novel by F. Scott Fitsgerald which was considered a masterpiece of the 20's
The Great Gatsby
the term used to describe the african american literary awakening of the 1920's.
Harlem Renaissance
addition to the Constitution in the 20's which gave women the right to vote everywhere in the US
19th Amendment
European nation recreated by treaty that ended the first World War
Poland
tried to get federal laws passed against lynching
James Weldon Johnson
illegal drinking establishments that sprung up during Prohibition
Speakeasies
first talking movie, marks the death of silent films
The Jazz Singer
area outside of Los Angelos which became center of movie making industry during the 20's.
Hollywood.
popular song that exemplified changes in society during the 1920's.
How ya gonna keep em' down on the farm after they've seen Pair-ee
where meeting for treaty ending WWI was
Versailles.
former vaudeville performer who had title roll of "The Jazz Singer"
Al Jolson
popularized of "The Little Tramp"
Charlie Chaplin
African American band leader, musician, and composer who created nearly 1,000 pieces in his career.
Duke Ellington
son of a Jewish man from Russia who wrote classical music infused with jazz
George Gershwin
coined "lost generation"
Gertrude Stein
African American poet of the 20's who wrote about joys and difficulties of being black and american
Langston Hughes
famous Italian gangster who ran a criminal empire built on smuggling alcohol, racketeering, prostitution, and murder.
Al Capone
"Back to Africa" movement, UNIA- support and create black business
Marcus Garvey
HS biology teacher in Dayton Tennessee who was dared to teach evolution, though illegal, and goes to jail.
John T. Scopes
major league baseball player for the Cubs, who turned to ministry and was ordained as a minister
Billy Sunday
3x failed presidential candidate who returns to law and acts as prosecuter in the monkey trial
William Jennings Bryan
most famous lawyer in the US, defense attorney of the monkey trial.
Clarence Darrow
decided to recreate the KKK after going to see the silent movie "the birth of a nation
William Simmons
world renowned American painter known for depicting cattleskulls
Georgia O'Keeffe
Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Geroges Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando
Big Four Leaders
leaders of 4 victorious nations who made most of policies at the peace negotiations.
The Big Four
was outlawed because of how destructive
Poison Gas
acidic, dense, burns skin lungs eyes. type of poison gas used extensively in the war.
Mustard Gas
type of poison gas used extensively in the war. -lesser concentrations made blisters in lungs
Chlorine Gas
Republican candidate in 1916
Charles Evan Hughes
3 kinds of air warfare
reconasince, dogfighting, bombing
best American fighter pilot after the war starts
Edward Rickenbacker
original name of French air core that took American volunteers -new name Escadrille de Lafayette
Escadrille de American
allied strategy to clock out Germany's food supply.
Blockade.
French ship. if they continued, recall diplomatic relations with Germany, then Germany said they'd stop if US persuade British to move hunger blockade.
Sussex Pledge
President during WWI
Woodrow Wilson
German weapon that brough us into the war.
U-Boat
German nobility turned fighter pilot -The Red Baron
Manfred von Ricthofen
method of sending men and supplies to Europe in large groups of ships to protect them u-boat attacks
convoy system
what the war was known as at the time it was being fought
Great War
advisor to President to Europe and said they were "ready to erupt"
Edward House
battlefields between trenches and between armies
No Man's Land
what we called our Army
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
German diplomat who sends message of alliance to government of Mexico
Arthur Simmerman
underlying cause of WWI "military build-up"
militarism
agreements between nations often made in secret where countries pledge to support each other in event of war.
alliances
powerful nations desire to conquer weaker countries
Imperialism
intense feelings of love or loyalty to one's country
nationalism
What Admiral House called the Balkans when sent by Wilson
Powder Keg
side of the war which in the beginning was led by Russia, Britain, and France. -originally called "triple entente"
Allied Powers
internation world peace keeping organization through which countries could settle differences w/o fighting
League of Nations
the US president's plan for peace at the end of the war
Fourteen Points
ruler of Germany during WWI
Kaiser Wilhelm II
agreement to stop shooting at each other, or a cease fire.
armistace
highest military honor the French Government could give
Croix de Guerre
written by George M. Cohan and epitomized attitude that we could do what no one else could
"Over There"
a way to measure economic growth
Gross National Product
the man that put America on wheels created first large and cuccessful automovile company in US.
Henry Ford
republican elected in 1920 by promising to turn America back to the way it was before the war. -both personal life and presidency were filled with scandal.
Warren G. Harding
what republican candidate in 1920 promised Americans he would return the country to.
normalcy
the irrational and intense fear that communists would take over US that swept over our country in the 1920's.
red scare
the attorney general who organized raids against political radicals.
A. Mitchell Palmer
form of government many Americans were afraid would take over US in 1920.
Communism
2 individuals who were tried and imprisoned by government in cases that called for limiting freedom of speech.
Shenck and Gitlow
supreme court justice who argued limiting freedom of speech was justified in cases that there was a clear and present danger. -used analogy of shouting fire in a crowded theater.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
2 men accused of robbery and murder in 1920's. -highly and publicized and controversial trial that resulted in conviction and execution. - many believed they were only guilty of being Italian immigrants and political radicals.
Sacco and Vanzetti.
former president who in 1921 was appointed chief justive of US Supreme Court.
William Howard Taft.
secretary of treasury for 2 republican presidents during the 1929's -shaped economic policies of that decade.
Andrew Mellon
the name press gave to members of the cabinet and appointees of the president elected in 1920. -old friends and acquaintences of president. -inexperienced, incompetent, dishonest.
Ohio Gang
international meeting during the 1920's at which several world powers agreed to limit size of their navies.
Washington Conference
the idea of an American banker where US loaned 100's of millions of dollars to Germany so it can pay reparations and allies could pay us back.
Dawes Plan
prejudice that increased during 1920's where many people favored native born over those who had recently come to US.
Nativism
numerical limit that was imposed on certain ethnic groups that wanted to enter the US.
Quota
biggest and most famous political scandal of 1920's where private companies illegally drilled for oil on government lands of Wyoming and California. -unique rock formation at one of these sites.
Teapot Dome
secretary of interior who scandalized the US gov. by accepting more than 300,000 in bribes for 2 companies to illegally drill for oil on gov. land.
Albert Fall
the former gov. of massachusetts who was elected as vice president, and became president in 1923 upon the death of his predecessor.
Calvin Coolidge
what America's chief business was according to the 2nd republican president of 1920's.
Business
term for attitude toward big business that some of our presidents in the 1920's had. -as little regulation of big business as possible.
Laissez-faire
agreement in 1927 by US secretary of state and france's foreign minister where the nations involved promised not to go to war or use the threat of it. -was eventually joined by 60 nations but failed because it was unrealistic.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
experienced gov. official who became 3rd republican president of the 1920's. -soon after being swork in, predicted an end to poverty in America, but his presidency would be an unhappy one due to the Great Depression.
Herbert Hoover
popular Democratic gov. of New York who lost the presidential election of 1928 because of being a Catholic.
Alfred E. Smith
an economic system that depends on large amounts of spending by individuals.
COnsumer Economy
a new method of buying goods in the 1920's where people no longer had to save entire price of an item but could get it in payments.
installment plan
a way to measure economic growth, the total value of the goods and services produced by a country in a year.
Gross National Product.
biggest selling type of automobile ever produced in the US. -"versatile, durable, affordable, easy to repair, and come in any color you like as long as you like black"
Model T
master salesman and promoter from Flint who bought sevaral automocile companies and joined them to form the GM corporation -during career, would lose and regain control of GM and would grab a large share of the auto market by offering a wide variety.
William Durant
a new approach towards labor relations where employers raised wages and provided benefits -led to workers having a greater loyalty, higher morale, but led to organized labor losing members during the 1920's.
Welfare Capitalism
practice of making highrisk investments in stock market in hope of getting a huge return.
speculation
a method of buying stock where the investor only payed a small portion of the price of share with the intention of paying the balance later.
margin
one of warning signs economic trouble laid ahead. our nation grew way more food and made way more products than people could buy.
overproduction
process of stronger countries taking over developing smaller countries into an empire.
Imperialism
Americans who believe America should be an Empire
imperialists
against imperialism
anti-imperialists
commadore, naval officer
Matthew Perry
didn't want the US to talk to other countries
isolationists
retired naval officer who wrote "influence of seapower upon history". -convinced US needed iron, steam-driven navy
Alfred Thayer Mahan
largest island in the Carribean that grew 90% of sugarcane
Cuba`
journalist and poet who leads a rebellion in Cuba from America
Jose Marte
leader of the Spanish troops in Cuba
Valeriano Weyler
"little war"
guerrilla warfare
publishing exaggerrated or sensationalized stories in an effort to newspapers.
Yellow Journalism
owned the New York Morning Journal -major role in starting Spanish American War (citizen cane based on his life)
William Randolph Hearst
owner of the New York World -major role in Spanish American War -created prestigious awards for journalism and literary works.
Joseph Pulitzer
President of the US during the Spanish/American war. wanted to avoid war, and sent battleship USS Maine to Havana Harbor
William McKinley
Spanish foreign minister to US who sent a letter to Spain saying that they shouldn't worry because McKinley was a weak letter (pulitzer publishes it)
Enrique de Lome
Feb. 15, 1898
USS Maine anchors in Havana
told Dewey that in event of war, to steam immediately to Philippines, and destroy the Spanish Pacific Fleet
Theodore Roosevelt
commander of US Pacific Fleet
George Dewey
leader of the Phillippino rebels
Emilio Aguinaldo
capitol of Philippines
Manila
discovered bugs were the cause of malaria
Walter Reed
develops the Rough Riders
Theodore Roosevelt
Battle of San Juan Hill
overlooked Santiago
where the Battle of San Juan Hill actually starts
Kettle Hill
volunteer unit formed by T.R. to fight in the Spanish American war
Rough Riders
sent negotiators to Paris for neutrality
Treat of Paris 1898
a place that made its own laws and handles its own internal economy, but defense and trade handled by US.
commonwealth
what was Cuba?
a protectorate
country whose affairs are controlled by a stronger nation
protectorate
portion of Cuba's constitution written by the US Congress
Platt Amendment
rest area of the Pacific
Hawaii
form of government US forced on Hawaii
Bayonet Constitution
sister of Kalakaua, took over from him in Hawaii
Kiliuokalani
parts of china controlled by foreign countries and in which only that country could trade
Spheres of Influence
secretary of state- deals with foreign country -makes a new policy
John Hay
says that any nation can trade in any part of China that they wish
Open Door Policy
believed if they did movements while praying, were immune to bulets -called the boxers by the US
Society of the Harmonious Fists
Boxers rise up against foreigners and destroy goods
Boxer Rebellion
Japanese winning against Russia ovr control of Korea and Manchuria
Russo-Japanese War
where the peace meeting was held for the Russo-Japanese War
Portsmouth, Maine
treaty that resolved Russo-Japanese War
Treaty of Portsmouth
country considered for a new canal that would connect the pacific and atlantic oceans
Nicaragua
military force in another country to bring stability and protect American interest
Gun Boat Diplomacy
giving or loaning millions of dollars to create stability and protect US interests
Dollar Diplomacy
addition to Monroe Doctrine which said if any nation needs to interfere in the affairs of Latin America, the US will do the interfering
Roosevelt Corollary
time period in US history that stretches from 1890-1920
Progressive Era
journalists and authors whose works exposed problems in government and society
Muckrakers
wrote "a shame of the cities" -exposed corruption in city governments
Licoln Steffens
wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" -exposed unfair business practices used by big companies in US.
Ida Tarbell
addresses many social and political problems in "Looking Backward"
Edward Bellamy
wrote "The Jungle" which exposed conditions in US's meat packaging industry
Upton Sinclair
a political and economic system which called for gov. or public control or ownership of property and industry -gov. running industry -a lesser form of communism -grew to popularity until 1917
socialism
ran for presidency 5 times
Eugene V. Debs
wanted the right to vote, and fueled the temperence movement
Women's Movement
vocal protester advocating women's rights -gov. of Illinois chooses her to head inspecting factories -decides to get a degree to become a lawyer to prosecute
Florence Kelly
organizer in women's movement, started IWW, International Workers of the World
Marry Harris Jones
an american city devastated by a hurricane that prompted them to use a commission form of government
Galveston, Texas
city devastated by flood which encouraged council manager form of government
Dayton, Florida
reform mayor of Detroit, pioneers city ownership of utilities
Hazen Pingree
states granting cities this system that gave a limited ability to rule themselves
Home Rule
in order to qualify, have to take a test giving out government jobs on merit
Civil Service System
required direct election of our senators
17th Amendment
created by states to oversee companies -courts still backing big business owners
Department of Labor
policies created by Teddy Roosevelt that protested workers, farmers, and small business people from big businesses
Square Deal
not enforced for first 11 years
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
secretary of the interior who manages natural resources
Richard Ballinger
old conservative Republican congressmen who fought against progressive reforms
Old Guard
only candidate of major parties to lose 3x in a row
William Jennings Bryan
secretary of interior that fights with Gifford Pinchot
Richard Ballinger
new progressive policies promoted by T.R.
New Nationalism
place of strength for Progressives
Milwaukee
Democrat running for office
Woodrow Wilson
policies by W.W. made for reforms
New Freedom
strengthnened sherman anti-trust act
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
reform lawyer who was the first Jewish person the Supreme Court
Louis Brandeis
legal tradition in South which required African Americans to use separate public facilities than white Americans
Jim Crow
wants social and political equality, teaches that it would come through education, job training, and improved economic status
Booker T. Washington
wanted equality, but didn't believe they would get it unless demanded
W.E.B. DuBois
led a group to attempt to vote in New York
Susan B. Anthony
peaceful nonviolent refusal to obey law to change it
Cicil Disobediance
took over NAWSA
Carrie Chapman Catt
led by Alice Paul
Congressional Union
what WWI was known as at the time it was being fought
Great War
intense feelings of love for or loyalty to one's country
Nationalism
agreements between nations often made in secret where countries pledge to support each other in event of war
alliances
military build up
militarism
neutral country that Germany invades France through
Belgium
fighting out of a ditch
trench warfare
method of sneding men and supplies to Europe in large groups of ships to protect them
convoy system
law that required all US men to register for the military draft
Selective Service Act
government agency which nationalized certain businesses in US to make sure we had resources to fight the war.
War Industries Board
gov. agency created to settle disputes between labor and management to prevent stoppages in war industries.
National War Labor Board
gov. agency which sought to increase food production so we could feed ourselves, soldiers, allies, and eventually enemies
US Food Administration
republican senator who leads the reservationists
Henry Cabot Lodge

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