Theories/Principles of Learning
Terms
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- Satiation
- Operant Conditioning term occurs when primary reinforcer loses its reinforceing quality from being presented too much
- Habituation
- Classical Conditioning term occurs when a subj gets used to an unconditioned stimulus
- Extinction
- occurs when the cond stimulus is presented w/o the uncond stimulus
- Backwards conditioning
- Unconditioned stimulus presented before the conditioned stimulus
- Variable schedules
- result in response rates that are smooth & steady
- Fixed Schedules
- Fixed Interval/Fixed Ratio result in scalloped patterns-target behav occurs prior to reinforcement followed by lull after reinforcement
- Variable ratio schedule
- Strongest response rate
- Fixed ratio schedule
- Response rate that is moderate to high
- Variable Interval Schedule
- Low to moderate resp rate
- Fixed Interval Schedule
- lowest response rate
- Stimulus Generalization
- Generalization to a similar stimulus, re Little Albert
- Higher Order Conditioning
- New and different neutral stimulus deliberately paired with original cond stimulus
- Classical conditioning
- Learning takes place when things are paired. Pavlov and Watson
- Unconditioned stimulas vs Conditioned stimulas
- Unconditioned: universal to the species
- True Conditioning
- CS (tone) presented before US (meat powder)
- Operant Conditioning
- Reward and punishment. Watson and Thornike (Law of Effect)
- Positive Reinforcement
- Reward - after the target behavior is performed something of value is given
- Negative Reinforcement
- After the target behavior is performed, something annoying is removed
- Positive Punishment
- Pain. After the target behavior is performed, something aversive is added
- Shaping
- Reinforcing each step of the way as person gets closer to desired behavior
- Chaining
- Major reinforcement occurs at the end of the chain
- Premack Principle
- High freq behavior is used to reinforce low freq behavior
- Behavioral contrast
- Behavior that is being reinforced increases while behavior that is no longer reinforced decreases
- Superstitous Behavior
- accidental reinforcement or non-contingent reinforcement