EPPP--Learning and Behavior Theory
Terms
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- Define Backwards Conditioning.
- US presented before the CS. Usually results in no change of behavior.
- Meichenbaum and AD/HD
- Self-instructional training for AD/HD. Verbal instructions for performing a task to increas focus.
- Premack Principle
- A common behavior is used to reinforce an uncommon behavior (eat your peas and then you can go out and play).
- Functional Analysis
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Skinner.
An analysis of stimulus antecedents. - Intrmittent Schedule of Reinforcement.
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Gambling.
Hardest to extinguish. - Memory and trauma
- Remote memories return first and then memories closer to the trauma.
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Memories during the period of anterograde amnesia are lost forever.
- Kohler and insight training
- Study involving chimps, sticks, and food. Chimps were able to restructure their environment to get the food. A-ha!
- Latent Learning
- Tolman; learning is not immediately manifested in behavior. i.e., do no display what's been learned until there's incentive.
- Satiation
- Similar to "prescribing the symptom" in family therapy.
- Extinction and Operant Conditioning
- Eliminating the reinforcement for a previously reinforced response. The result of which is to decrease the frequency of that response.
- Extinction and Classical Conditioning
- Eliminates an avoidance response by presenting the CS alone (without the UCS). The CS will eventually stop eliciting a CR.
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Cognitive therapies aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors by altering irrational or maladaptive cognitions.
- Avoidance Response
- Established with a CS is paired with an aversive US. The CS then produces a conditioned response (CR) of avoidance.
- Implosive Therapy
- Combines the principles of behavior therapy with those of traditional psychodynamic therapies. It combines imaginal exposure with psychological exploration. It is used to treat phobias and other disorders in which both learned fear and psychic conflict play an etiological role.
- Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
- Reinforcement occurs after a variable number of responses. Most resistant to extinction. i.e., gambling
- Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
- i.e., every 5th response
- Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement
- i.e., every 5 minutes. Scalloped effect.
- Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement
- Rewarded for every response.
- Proactive inhibition
- Memory is interfered with by a previous task/activity.
- Bandura
- Social Learning Theory; observational learning, learn by watching
- Negative Reinforcement
- Remove a stimulus to increase behavior.
- Positive Reinforcement
- Add a stimulus to increase behavior.
- Social Learning Theory
- Bandura; learn by watching.
- Avoidance Conditioning
- A CS is paired with an aversive US. The CS comes to produce a CR of avoidance.
- Classical Extinction
- Present the CS alone.
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Self Instruction
Meichenbaum - Used with ADHD children to help their focus on a task. The child verbalizes the instructions to himself.
- Chaining
- Ties together a series of a related behaviors to form complex behaviors. Each response acts as a reinforcer and as a cue.
- Classical Conditioning
- When the relationship between the stimulus and the response is unlearned (comes naturally).
- Nocturnal Enuresis
- Bell and pad method is the most effective treatment. In general, psychological treatments are better than pharmocological treatments.
- Iconic Memory
- Memory that remains in the visual receptors for a short period of time.
- Episodic Memory
- Memory for autobiographical episodes such as events that have personal meaning.
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Implicit Memory
Procedural - Memory for skills, how to do things, procedures
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Declaritive Memory
Explicit - Conscious awareness of remembering facts and events.
- Elaborative Rehearsal
- Thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to information already in memory--results in deeper learning and is superior to all forms of repetition.