Biochem Chapter 5
Terms
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- sarcomere
- a functional and structural unit of the muscle contractile system
- actin
- a protein making up the thin filaments of muscle; also an important component of the cytoskeleton of many eukaryotic cells
- myosin
- a contractile protein; the major component of the thick filaments of muscle and other actin-myosin systems
- monoclonal antibodies
- antibodies produced by a cloned hybridoma cell, which therefore are identical and directed against the same epitope of the antigen
- polyclonal antibodies
- a heterogeneous pool of antibodies produced in an animal by a number of different B lymphocytes in response to an antigen. Different antibodies in the pool recognize different parts of the antigen
- hapten
- a small molecule which, when linked to a larger molecule, elicits an immune response
- epitope
- an antigenic determinant; the particular chemical group or groups within a macromolecule (antigen) to which a given antibody binds
- antigen
- a molecule capable of eliciting the synthesis of a specific antibody in vertebrates
- T lymphocyte (T cell)
- one of a class of blood cells (lymphocytes) of thymic origin, involved in cell-mediated immune reactions
- B lymphocyte (B cell)
- one of a class of blood cells (lymphocytes), responsible for the production of circulating antibodies
- immunoglobulin
- an antibody protein generated against, and capable of binding specifically to an antigen
- antibody
- a defense protein synthesized by the immune system of vertebrates
- lymphocytes
- a subclass of leukocytes involved in the immune response. B lymphocytes synthesize and secrete antibodies; T lymphocyts either play a regulatory role in immunity or kill foreign and virus infected cells
- allosteric protein
- a protein (generally with multiple subunits) with multiple ligand binding sites, such that ligand binding at one site affects ligand binding at another
- dissociation constant (K{d})
-
1) an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a complex of two or more biomolecules into its components; i.e. dissociation of a substrate for an enzyme.
2) The dissociation constant (K{a}) of an acid, describing the dissociation into its conjugate base and a proton - porphyrin
- complex nitrogenous compound containing four substituted pyrroles covalently joined into a ring; often complexed with a central metal atom
- heme
- the iron-porphyrin prosthetic group of heme proteins
- induced fit
- a change in the conformation of an enzyme in response to substrate binding that renders the enzyme catalytically active; also used to denote changes in the conformation of any macromolecule in response to ligand binding such that the binding site of the macormolecule better conforms to the shape of the ligand
- binding site
- the crevice or pocket on a protein in which a ligand binds
- ligand
- a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger one; for example, a hormone is the ligand for its specific protein receptor