Vertebrate Anatomy
Terms
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1st arch
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- palatoquadrate cartilage- quadrate is the upper jaw hinge, becomes the incus in mammal
- meckel's cartilage, articular, becomes the malleus in mammals
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2nd arch
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- Hyoid-splanchnocranium
- hyomandibula, columella in tetrapods, stapes in mammals
- hyoid arch, hyobranchial apparatus in tetrapod
- 3-7 arches
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branchial arches
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- opisthocoelous
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rounded on the posterior side
- acoelous
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flat- mammalia
- amphicoelous
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biconcave- chondrichthyes, actinopterygii
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axial skeleton
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notochord, vertebrae, ribs, medial fins
- ceratotrichia
- keratin
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hemal arch
- encloses caudal arteries and veins
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neural/vertebral arch
- enclose spinal cord, sticks up above the spine
- pre and post zygapophyses
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pre- up and in
post- down and out
hold vertebrae together
- procoelous
- rounded on the anterior side-lissamphibia and lepidosauria, archosauria
- pterygiophores
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cartilaginous in sharks, bone in actinopterygii- forms support elements
radial and basal pterygiophores
- splanchnocranium
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- endochondral bone
- arches
- endochondral bone
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transverse processes
- sticks out from sides on the spine- attaches to ribs at some point
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trunk vertebrae and caudal vertebrae in fish
- trunk vertebrae have ribs attached, caudal vertebrae form the tail