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nutrition week 1

Terms

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# of cals per gram for alcohol
7
# of cals per gram for carbs
4
# of cals per gram for fat
9
# of cals per gram for protein
4
Artery
Blood vessels that carry blood containing fresh oxygen supplies from the heart to the tissue
Case study
studies of the individual, observe treatments and their effects
Control group
A group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group being treated in an experiment but who recieve a sham treatment instead of the read one
Credible sources of nutrition information
Professional health organizations, government health agencies, volunteer health agencies and reputable consumer groups
Diet technician
A person who has completed a two year academic degree from an accredited college or university and an approved dietetic techition program
Dietitian
A person trained in nutrition, food science, and diet planning
Energy yielding nutrients
The nutrients the body can use for energy, they may also supply building blocks for body structures, important examples are carbs and fats
Enriched and fortified foods
No nutrients have been added, if the starting material is a whole food such as whole grain or milk, the result may be highly nutritious, but if the starting material is a concentrated form of sugar or fat the result may be less nutritious.
Enzyme
Any of a great number of working proteins that speed up a specific chemical reaction
Epidemiological study
studies of populations, dietary habits in respect to disease, causes of disease- usually only reveal a correlation not causation
essential nutrients
If you do not ingest them you will develop deficiences, the body cannot make these nutrients itself, essential nutrients are found in all six classes of nutrients
Experimental group
the people or animals participating in an experiment who recieve treatment under investigation
Functional foods
A term that reflects an attempt to define as a group the foods known to posses nutrients or non-nutrients that might lend protection against disease, however all nutritious foods can support health in some ways.
Gallbladder
Stores bile until needed
Glycogen
A storage form of carbohydrate energy
Hormone
Chemicals that are secreted by glands into the blood in response to conditions in the body that require regulation.  These chemicals serve as messangers acting on other organs to maintain constant conditions
Insulin
A hormone from the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells from the blood
Intervention study
Studies of populations in which observation in accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population member- example half the members do a diet, and half dont
Laboratory study
studies that are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are designed to pinpoint causes and effects
Lymph
The fluid that moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces and then travels in its own vessels which eventually drain back into the bloodstream
Natural foods
Term that has no legal definition but is often used to imply wholesomeness.
Nutraceutical
a term that has no legal or scientific meaning but is sometimes used to refer to foods believed to have medicinal effects
Nutritionist
Someone who engages in the study of nutrition
Organic
Carbon containing, four of the six classes of nutrints are organic:  carbs, fats, protein and vitamins.  Only those compounds made by living things and do not include carbon dioxide and a few carbon salts.
Pancreas
An organ with two main functions- one is an endocrine function (the making of hormones and releasing them into the blood) the second is exocrine functions (the making of digestive enzymes which are released through a duct in the small intestine)
Partitioned foods
foods composed of parts of whole foods such as butter, sugar or corn oil, generally over used, and provide few nutrients with a lot of calories
Placebo
a sham treatment often used in scientific studies, an inert harmless medication
Plasma
the cell-free fluid part of the blood and lymph
Processed foods
foods subjected to any process, such as milling or addition of aditives, may or may not be nutritious
Public health nutritionist
A dietitian or other person with an advance degree in nutrition who specialized in public health nutrition
Registered dietitian
A dietitian who has graduated from a college after completing an approved or credited program of dietetics, have served in an internship
six classes of nutrients
water, carbs, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals
Staple foods
frequently used, daily, nutritious
Two types of digestion
Mechanical and chemical
vein
blood vessels that carry blood, with the carbon dioxide it has collected from the tissue back to the heart
Whole foods
Basic foods such as milk and milk products, meat, fish, veggies, fruits and grains, generally considered to form the basis of a nutritious diet.

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