nutrition week 1
Terms
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- # of cals per gram for alcohol
- 7
- # of cals per gram for carbs
- 4
- # of cals per gram for fat
- 9
- # of cals per gram for protein
- 4
- Artery
- Blood vessels that carry blood containing fresh oxygen supplies from the heart to the tissue
- Case study
- studies of the individual, observe treatments and their effects
- Control group
- A group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group being treated in an experiment but who recieve a sham treatment instead of the read one
- Credible sources of nutrition information
- Professional health organizations, government health agencies, volunteer health agencies and reputable consumer groups
- Diet technician
- A person who has completed a two year academic degree from an accredited college or university and an approved dietetic techition program
- Dietitian
- A person trained in nutrition, food science, and diet planning
- Energy yielding nutrients
- The nutrients the body can use for energy, they may also supply building blocks for body structures, important examples are carbs and fats
- Enriched and fortified foods
- No nutrients have been added, if the starting material is a whole food such as whole grain or milk, the result may be highly nutritious, but if the starting material is a concentrated form of sugar or fat the result may be less nutritious.
- Enzyme
- Any of a great number of working proteins that speed up a specific chemical reaction
- Epidemiological study
- studies of populations, dietary habits in respect to disease, causes of disease- usually only reveal a correlation not causation
- essential nutrients
- If you do not ingest them you will develop deficiences, the body cannot make these nutrients itself, essential nutrients are found in all six classes of nutrients
- Experimental group
- the people or animals participating in an experiment who recieve treatment under investigation
- Functional foods
- A term that reflects an attempt to define as a group the foods known to posses nutrients or non-nutrients that might lend protection against disease, however all nutritious foods can support health in some ways.
- Gallbladder
- Stores bile until needed
- Glycogen
- A storage form of carbohydrate energy
- Hormone
- Chemicals that are secreted by glands into the blood in response to conditions in the body that require regulation. These chemicals serve as messangers acting on other organs to maintain constant conditions
- Insulin
- A hormone from the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells from the blood
- Intervention study
- Studies of populations in which observation in accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population member- example half the members do a diet, and half dont
- Laboratory study
- studies that are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are designed to pinpoint causes and effects
- Lymph
- The fluid that moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces and then travels in its own vessels which eventually drain back into the bloodstream
- Natural foods
- Term that has no legal definition but is often used to imply wholesomeness.
- Nutraceutical
- a term that has no legal or scientific meaning but is sometimes used to refer to foods believed to have medicinal effects
- Nutritionist
- Someone who engages in the study of nutrition
- Organic
- Carbon containing, four of the six classes of nutrints are organic: carbs, fats, protein and vitamins. Only those compounds made by living things and do not include carbon dioxide and a few carbon salts.
- Pancreas
- An organ with two main functions- one is an endocrine function (the making of hormones and releasing them into the blood) the second is exocrine functions (the making of digestive enzymes which are released through a duct in the small intestine)
- Partitioned foods
- foods composed of parts of whole foods such as butter, sugar or corn oil, generally over used, and provide few nutrients with a lot of calories
- Placebo
- a sham treatment often used in scientific studies, an inert harmless medication
- Plasma
- the cell-free fluid part of the blood and lymph
- Processed foods
- foods subjected to any process, such as milling or addition of aditives, may or may not be nutritious
- Public health nutritionist
- A dietitian or other person with an advance degree in nutrition who specialized in public health nutrition
- Registered dietitian
- A dietitian who has graduated from a college after completing an approved or credited program of dietetics, have served in an internship
- six classes of nutrients
- water, carbs, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals
- Staple foods
- frequently used, daily, nutritious
- Two types of digestion
- Mechanical and chemical
- vein
- blood vessels that carry blood, with the carbon dioxide it has collected from the tissue back to the heart
- Whole foods
- Basic foods such as milk and milk products, meat, fish, veggies, fruits and grains, generally considered to form the basis of a nutritious diet.