Exam 1 Vocab 2
Terms
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- a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose
- organization
- people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others
- operatives
- individuals of an organization who direct the activities of others
- managers
- supervisors responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of operative employees
- first-line managers
- individuals at levels of management between the first-line manager and top management
- middle managers
- individuals who are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members
- top managers
- the process of getting things done, effectively and effieciently, through and with other people
- management
- doing the task correctly; refers to the relationship between inputs and outpus; seeks to minimize resource costs
- efficiency
- doing the right tasks; goal attainment
- effectiveness
- planning, organizing, leading and controlling
- management processes
- includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities
- planning
- includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made
- organizing
- includes motivating employees, directing the activities of others, selecting the most effective communication channel, and resolving conflicts
- leading
- the process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations
- controlling
-
specific categories of managerial behavior; often grouped under 3 primary headings:
Interpersonal Relationships
Transfer of Information
Decision Making - managerial roles
- Figurehead, leader, liason are part of which managerial role?
- interpersonal
- Monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson are part of which managerial role?
- Informational
- Entreprenuer, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator are part of which managerial role?
- decisional
- any independently owned and operated profit-seeking enterprise that has fewer than 500 employees
- small business
- a manager's mental ability to coordinate all of the organization's interests and activities
- conceptual skills
- a manager's ability to work with, understand, mentor and motivate others both individually and in groups
- interpersonal skills
- a manager's ability to use the tools, procedures, and techniques of a specialized field
- technical skills
- a manager's ability to build a power base and establish the right connections
- political skills
- a cluster of knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to effective managerial performance
- management competencies
- the breakdown of jobs into narrow, repetitive tasks
- division of labor
- the advent of machine power, mass production, and efficient transportation begun in the late 18th century in Great Britain
- Industrial Revolution
- the term used to describe the hypotheses of the scientific management theorists and the general administrative theorists
- classical approach
- the use of the scientific method to define the one best way for a job to be done
- scientific management
- Gilbreths' classification scheme for labeling 17 basic motions
- therbligs
- Fayol's fundamental or universal principles of management practice
- principles of management
- Weber's ideal type of organization characterized by a division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships
- bureaucracy
- writers who developed general theories of what managers do and what constitutes good management practice
- general administrative theorists
- a series of studies done during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into group norms and behaviors
- Hawthorne studies
- the performance of planning, leading, and controlling activities is seen as circular and continuous
- process approach
- defines a system as a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole
- systems approach
- a system that is not influenced by and does not interact with its environment
- closed system
- a system that dynamically interacts with its environment
- open system
- any group that is affected by organizational decisions and policies
- stakeholders
- the situations approach to management that replaces more simplistic systems and integrates much of management theory
- contingency approach
- workers whose jobs are designed around the acquisition and application of information
- knowledge workers
- refers to the concept of a boundaryless world; the production and marketing of goods and services worldwide
- global village
- companies taht maintain significant operations in two or more countries simultaneously but are based in one home country
- Multinational corporations (MNC)
- a compant that maintains significant operations in more than one country simultaneously and decentralizes decision making in each operation to the local country
- transnational corporation (TNC)
- a management structure in which internal arrangements that impose artificial barriers are broken down
- borderless organization
- a domestic and a foreign firm share the cost of developing new products or building production facilities in a foreign country
- strategic alliances
- refers to a narrow focus in which one sees things solely through one's own view and frmo one's own perspective
- parochiamism
- research program started in 1993 that is an ongoing cross-cultural investigation of leadership and national culture
- Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE)
- any equipment, tools, or operating methods that are designed to make work more efficient
- technology
- any computer transaction that occurs when data are processed and transmitted over the internet
- e-commerce
- the full breadth of activities included in a successful internet-based enterprise
- e-business
- a system of working at home on a computer that is linked to the office
- telecommuting
- a firm's obligation, beyond taht required by the law and economics, to pursue long-term goal that are beneficial to society
- social responsibility
- the obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and no more
- social obligation
- the ability of a firm to adapt to changing societal conditions
- social responsiveness
- a set of rules or principles that defines right and wrong conduct
- ethics
- a formal document that states an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects managers and operatives to folow
- code of ethics
- the process of initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources, and assuming the risks and rewards
- entreprenuership
- people within an organization who demonstrate entreprenuerial characteristics
- intraprenuers
- the varied backgrounds of organizational members in terms of gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and ethnicity
- workforce diversity
- an activity in an organization designed to create a more efficient operation through extensive layoffs
- downsizing
- linking staffing levels to organizational goals
- rightsizing
- an organization's use of outside firms for providing necessary products and services
- outsourcing
- part-time, temporary, and contract workers who are available for hire on an as-needed basis
- contingent workforce
- the small group of full-time employees of an organization who provide some essential job tasks for the organization
- core employees
- the redisigning of jobs in order to increase the decision-making discretion of workers
- empowerment
- organizational commitment to constantly improving the quality of a product or service
- continuous improvement
- the japanese term for an organization committed to continuous improvement
- kaizen
- radical or quantum change in an organization
- work process engineering
- a manager who motivated, empowers, and encourages his or her employees
- coach