skeletal muscle disease
Terms
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- achondroplasia
-
congenital
less chondrocytes ossified
short, short arms/legs, big head
FGFR3 Gene mutation - osteogenesis imperfecta
-
congenital
abnormal synthesis of collagen type I
4 types - OI type I
- AD, mult fx at birth
- OI type II
- AR, Lethal perinatal, stillborn
- OI type III
-
live to adulthood
kyphoscoliosis - OI type IV
- adolescence, fx heals with imperfect bone and develop osteoporosis from disuse
- osteopetrosis
-
dense, mishapen bone
congenital
AR form lethal
disorganized thick trabeculae
core of calcified cartilage
loss of vascular supply - osteoporosis
-
acquired
low bone mass
bone fragility
high fracture - Primary osteoporosis
-
affects 15million, common
type I: postmenopausal
type II: age-related - Secondary osteoporosis
- identifiable cause like diet
- Rickets/OSteomalacia
-
acquired
bone/epiphyseal cartilage doesn't mineralize
doesn't form normal CaP - Hyperparathyroidism
-
PRIMARY: high PTH so
more resoprtion of bone
resorption if Ca in renal tub
more Vit D activation
less P reabsorption in renals
BROWN TUMOR: hyperosteoclast activity
stones, bones, moans, groans
SECONDARY: renal osteodystrophy more Ca excreted with protein - Osteomyelitis
-
infection
via bacteria (staph aureus)or TB
inflammation of bone/marrow
Cloaca=draining sinus
sequestrum:devasc necrotic bone
involcrum: abcess formation by periosteum - Paget's disease
-
OSteitis deformans
thinkening/weakening of bone
Triphasic:
1. OC, hypervasc, bone loss
2. OC+OB
3. Dense mineral bone
can develop sarcoma - Avascular necrosis
- w/or w/out trauma
- AVN w/trauma
- single event, adult, femoral head
- AVN w/out trauma
-
ischemia
femoral head/hip - Osteoma
-
benign neoplasm
solitary lesion
thick heavy traberculae
osteoid osteoma - osteoblastoma
-
benign neoplasm
vertebral column
backache
hyperplastic OB& extensive vasc - osteochondroma
-
exostoses
benign neoplasm
cartilage cap
solitary or AD - chondroma
-
mature hyaline cartilage
Olliers:symmetric...ENDOCHONDROMA
Maffucci's: random w/hemangioma - Giant Cell TUmor
-
20% of all benign tumors
locally aggressive
can metastisize if manipulated
many OC-- multinucleate