S & F - Anatomy Chapter 1 & 5
Terms
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- The transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or part not directly connected.
- Bone metastases
- Inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joint; generally involves the formation of calcification in associated tendons, causing pain and limitation of joint movement.
- Bursitis
- A common painful disorder of the wrist and hand resulting from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- A break in the structure of the bone caused by a force(direct or indirect)
- Fracture
- Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint.
- Barton's fracture
- Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement.
- Bennett's fracture
- A transverse fracture extending through the metacarpal neck; most commonly seen in the fifth metacarpal.
- Boxer's fracture
- A transverse fracture of the distal radius with the distal fragment being displaced posteriorly.
- Colles' fracture
- A transverse fracture of the distal radius with the distal fragment being displaced anteriorly.
- Smith's fracture
- Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity.
- Joint effusion
- The transfer of disease or cancerous lesions form one organ or part not directly connected.
- Bone metastasis
- Inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joints.
- Bursitis
- A break in the structure of bone caused by a force(direct or indirect).
- Fracture
- Fracture and dislocation of the posteior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint.
- Barton's fracture
- Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the carpometacarpal joint.
- Bennett's fracture
- Accumulated fluid in hte joint cavity.
- Joint effusion
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aka- Degenerative joint disease(DJD)
A noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation. - Osteoarthritis
- Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery.
- Osteomyelitis
- A hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone.
- Osteopetrosis
- A reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue.
- Osteoperosis
- One of the more-common chronic skeletal diseased; a destructive bone disease followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense ye soft bones that tend to fracture easily.
- Paget's disease
- A chronic systemic, disease with inflammatory changes occurring throughout the body's connective tissues.
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- A sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, near the MCP joint of the hyperextended thumb.
- "Skier's thumb"
- Most are benign but may be malignant.
- Tumors
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Most common of the primary cancerous bone tumors.
Occur in various parts of the body, arising from obne marrow or marrow plasma cells. - Multiple myelomas
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Second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor.
May develop in older persons with Paget's disease. - Osteogenic sarcomas
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A common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults
Arises from bone marrow. - Ewing's sarcoma
- A slow-growing malignant tumor of the cartilage.
- Chondrosarcoma
- Slow-growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of hands and feet of adolescents and young adults.
- Enchondroma
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The most common type of benign tumor.
Arise from the outer cortex with the tumorgrowing parallel to the bone, pointing away from the adjacent joint. - Osteochondromas
- How are the bones on each hand and wrist divided up?
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phalanges(fingers/thumb)-14
metacarpals(palm)-5
carpals(wrist)-8 - Joints in the thumb
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IP
MCP - Joints in the second through fifth digits
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DIP
PIP
MCP - What is the human skeleton divided into?
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axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton -
Includes all bones that lie on or near the central axis of the body.
80 bones, includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum - axial skeleton
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All bones of the upper and lower limbs, the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
126 separate bones - appendicular skeleton
- A special type of small, oval-shaped bone found in the tendons.
- Sesamoid bones
- Consist of a body and two ends or extremities.
- Long bones
- The process by which bones form in the body.
- ossification
- Occurs rapidly and takes place in bones that are needed for protection.
- Intramembranous ossification
- Occurs much slower and in most parts of the skeleton, especially in the long bones.
- Endochondral ossification
- The primary center of ossification in growing bones.
- Diaphysis
- Secondary centers of ossification in growing bones.
- Epephysis
- Immovable joint
- synarthrosis
- Joint with limited movement
- amphiarthrosis
- Freely movable joint.
- diarthrosis
- 3 types of fibrous joints
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syndesmosis
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gomphosis - 2 types of carilaginous joints
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symphysis
synchondrosis -
Synovial joint that permits the least movement.
ex- Intermetacarpal, carometcarpal, intercarpal - Plane(gliding) joints
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Surfaces are molded to each other in such a way to permit flexio and extension movements only
ex- interphalangel joints, elbow, knee, ankle - Ginglymus(hinge) joints
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Formed by a bony, pivotlike process that is surrounde by a ring of ligaments and/or bony structure.
ex- proximal and distal radioulnar joints - Trochoid(pivot) joints
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Joint movement occurs primarily in one plane, combined with a slight degree of rotation at an axis
ex- 2-5 metacarpophalangeal joint of fingers, wrist - Ellipsoid(condyloid) joints
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The ends of the bones are shaped concave-convex and positioned opposite to each other.
ex- first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb - Sellar(saddle) joints
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Joint allows the greatest freedom of motion.
ex- hip and shoulder joint - Spheroid(ball and socket) joints