Bio Vocab, midterm
Terms
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- Who inspected cork cells to discover cells?
- Robert Hooke
- Who invented the microscope
- Leeuwenhoek
- Who invented the cell theory?
- Schwann and Schleiden
- What is the nucleolus' purpose?
- It makes ribosomes.
- What is cilia?
- little hairs on cell, used for movement
- What is flagella?
- little tail on cell, used for movement
- What is the nucleus?
- cell control center, contains DNA
- What is the mitochondria?
- cell powerhouse
- What is a plastid?
- storage in cell
- What do ribosomes do?
- make proteins
- What is the ER in a cell?
- endoplasmic reticulum, transport, smooth and rough
- What is osmosis?
- diffusion of water from high to low
- What is diffusion?
- passive transport through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration
- What is fermentation?
- quick energy, no oxygen present, either lactic acid or alcoholic
- What is respiration?
- how cells get energy, Krebs cycle
- What is budding?
- form of asexual reproduction
- What is turgor?
- water pressure in a plant
- What is fission?
- split in half
- What is regeneration?
- regrow or replace lost parts
- What is a contractile vacuole?
- keep water balance by taking in and contracting to squeeze out
- What is interphase?
- growing stage in cell cycle made up of G1, S, and G2
- What is translation?
- DNA copied to RNA
- What is transcription?
- RNA gives code to ribosomes on the ER
- What is replication?
- When DNA makes a copy of itself
- What is mutation?
- change or mistake in DNA
- Who is Mendel?
- father of genetics
- Who was Pastuer?
- proved spontaneous generation theory wrong, rabies vaccine, bacteria, milk
- What is a chromosome?
- strand of coiled DNA in the nucleus
- What is cytology?
- study of cells
- What is photosynthesis?
- plants convert water and co2 using sunlight intostored energy (glucose)
- What is the cell theory?
-
-components of life
-cells come from other cells - What is botany?
- plant science
- What are fungi?
- heterotrophs, one of the kingdoms
- What is DNA?
- deoxyribonucleic acid, double helix, code for proteins
- What is RNA?
- ribonucleic acid, code copier and messenger, tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
- What is the meaning of endothermic?
- take in heat energy, gets colder
- What is the meaning of exothermic?
- give off heat energy, gets warmer
- What is meiosis?
- gamete (sex cells) production, haploid
- What is fertilization?
- when the egg and sperm come together
- Who are Watson and Crick?
- they found the structure of DNA (double helix)
- What does dominant mean?
- stronger
- What does recessive mean?
- weaker
- What is mitosis
- asexual cell division
- What is ecology?
- study of animals and their relationship to their surroundings
- What is sexual reproduction?
- 2 organisms, egg fertilized by sperm
- What is autotrophy?
- does not rely on others for food
- What is heterotrophy?
- relies on others for food
- What is phylogeny?
- evolutionary history
- What are ethics?
- morals
- What is evolution?
- change or adaptation over time
- What is a zygote?
- fertilized egg
- What is an isotope?
- diff. # of neutrons, same chemical properties, changes mass
- What is an ion?
- charged atom
- What is matter?
- anything that has mass and takes up space
- What is an element?
- pure substance, one type of atom
- What is a compound?
- 2 or more elements bonded together
- What is an ionic bond?
- take e-
- What is a covalent bond?
- share e-
- what is a base?
- OH- (hydroxide), higher end of the scale
- What is an acid?
- H+ (hydronium), lower end of the scale
- What is a hydronium ion?
- H3O, or H+
- What is a hydroxide ion?
- OH-
- What is kinetic energy?
- energy in use
- What is potential energy?
- stored enery
- What is activation energy?
- initiation energy
- What is a solution?
- something dissolved into something else
- What is a solute?
- substance being dissolved
- What is a solvent?
- substance in which solute dissolves
- isomer
- same molecular formula, diff. structure
- hydrophilic
- water lover
- what does hydrophobic mean?
- water hater
- What is an enzyme?
- a protein that helps lower activation energy in chemical reactions
- What is a protein?
- structure, message carrier, enzyme, etc. made of Amino Acids
- What is a carbohydrate?
- energy giver
- What is a lipid?
- fatty oils, non-soluble, makes up membranes
- polar
- charged
- SEM
- scanning electron microscope, metallic spray, dead or nonliving specimens
- TEM
- transmission electron microscope, thin slices
- G1 phase
- first phase of interphase, cell growth
- S phase
- second phase of interphase, DNA replication
- G2 phase
- third phase of interphase, preparing for cell division
- DNA helicase
- enzyme that splits DNA down the middle
- light dependent reaction
- H2O>O2
- light independent reaction
- calvin cycle, CO2 fixation, CO2>glucose
- centrioles
- part of cytoskeleton, two at right angles to each other form centrosomes
- cell specialization
- cells that perform special tasks in the body
- nucleotide
- monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
- nucleosome
- clump of histones that DNA is coiled around
- histones
- protein that DNA coils around
- chromatin
- DNA in nucleus, not coiled