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Bio Vocab, midterm

Terms

undefined, object
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Who inspected cork cells to discover cells?
Robert Hooke
Who invented the microscope
Leeuwenhoek
Who invented the cell theory?
Schwann and Schleiden
What is the nucleolus' purpose?
It makes ribosomes.
What is cilia?
little hairs on cell, used for movement
What is flagella?
little tail on cell, used for movement
What is the nucleus?
cell control center, contains DNA
What is the mitochondria?
cell powerhouse
What is a plastid?
storage in cell
What do ribosomes do?
make proteins
What is the ER in a cell?
endoplasmic reticulum, transport, smooth and rough
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water from high to low
What is diffusion?
passive transport through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration
What is fermentation?
quick energy, no oxygen present, either lactic acid or alcoholic
What is respiration?
how cells get energy, Krebs cycle
What is budding?
form of asexual reproduction
What is turgor?
water pressure in a plant
What is fission?
split in half
What is regeneration?
regrow or replace lost parts
What is a contractile vacuole?
keep water balance by taking in and contracting to squeeze out
What is interphase?
growing stage in cell cycle made up of G1, S, and G2
What is translation?
DNA copied to RNA
What is transcription?
RNA gives code to ribosomes on the ER
What is replication?
When DNA makes a copy of itself
What is mutation?
change or mistake in DNA
Who is Mendel?
father of genetics
Who was Pastuer?
proved spontaneous generation theory wrong, rabies vaccine, bacteria, milk
What is a chromosome?
strand of coiled DNA in the nucleus
What is cytology?
study of cells
What is photosynthesis?
plants convert water and co2 using sunlight intostored energy (glucose)
What is the cell theory?
-components of life
-cells come from other cells
What is botany?
plant science
What are fungi?
heterotrophs, one of the kingdoms
What is DNA?
deoxyribonucleic acid, double helix, code for proteins
What is RNA?
ribonucleic acid, code copier and messenger, tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
What is the meaning of endothermic?
take in heat energy, gets colder
What is the meaning of exothermic?
give off heat energy, gets warmer
What is meiosis?
gamete (sex cells) production, haploid
What is fertilization?
when the egg and sperm come together
Who are Watson and Crick?
they found the structure of DNA (double helix)
What does dominant mean?
stronger
What does recessive mean?
weaker
What is mitosis
asexual cell division
What is ecology?
study of animals and their relationship to their surroundings
What is sexual reproduction?
2 organisms, egg fertilized by sperm
What is autotrophy?
does not rely on others for food
What is heterotrophy?
relies on others for food
What is phylogeny?
evolutionary history
What are ethics?
morals
What is evolution?
change or adaptation over time
What is a zygote?
fertilized egg
What is an isotope?
diff. # of neutrons, same chemical properties, changes mass
What is an ion?
charged atom
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an element?
pure substance, one type of atom
What is a compound?
2 or more elements bonded together
What is an ionic bond?
take e-
What is a covalent bond?
share e-
what is a base?
OH- (hydroxide), higher end of the scale
What is an acid?
H+ (hydronium), lower end of the scale
What is a hydronium ion?
H3O, or H+
What is a hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is kinetic energy?
energy in use
What is potential energy?
stored enery
What is activation energy?
initiation energy
What is a solution?
something dissolved into something else
What is a solute?
substance being dissolved
What is a solvent?
substance in which solute dissolves
isomer
same molecular formula, diff. structure
hydrophilic
water lover
what does hydrophobic mean?
water hater
What is an enzyme?
a protein that helps lower activation energy in chemical reactions
What is a protein?
structure, message carrier, enzyme, etc. made of Amino Acids
What is a carbohydrate?
energy giver
What is a lipid?
fatty oils, non-soluble, makes up membranes
polar
charged
SEM
scanning electron microscope, metallic spray, dead or nonliving specimens
TEM
transmission electron microscope, thin slices
G1 phase
first phase of interphase, cell growth
S phase
second phase of interphase, DNA replication
G2 phase
third phase of interphase, preparing for cell division
DNA helicase
enzyme that splits DNA down the middle
light dependent reaction
H2O>O2
light independent reaction
calvin cycle, CO2 fixation, CO2>glucose
centrioles
part of cytoskeleton, two at right angles to each other form centrosomes
cell specialization
cells that perform special tasks in the body
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
nucleosome
clump of histones that DNA is coiled around
histones
protein that DNA coils around
chromatin
DNA in nucleus, not coiled

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