bio chapter 12 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- A. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
-
1. Early 1800s
2. First to develop theory of evolution
3. 3 ideas
4. - organisms make a conations effort to improve
5. – improving causes body structures to develop- others waste away
6. – once a structure is changed it is inherited by an offspring
7. ideas were wrong - B. August Weisman
-
1. German biologist
2. 1889
3. Showed Lamarck’s ideas were wrong - C. Charles Darwin
-
1. 1800s- son of a very wealthy physician
2. Did not like medicine at all- loved botany and biology
3. Voyage of HMS Beagle- 5 year trip around the world- Darwin went along as the naturalist- he took detailed notes
4. upon his return in 1836- scientific community was excited about his data - D. Thomas Malthus
-
1. 1776- 1834- English Economist
2. wrote a book on population and society
3. “Human pop. Growing unchecked and would double every 25 years
4. “Humans will be involved in a struggle for existence- competing for limited resources
5. This book greatly helped Darwin - E. Darwin’s work
-
1. 1844- he wrote a paper on his new theory of natural selection
2. his theory is natural selection - F. Four major points
-
1. Variations exists among individuals of a population
2. Some variations are favorable
3. Those that survive and reproduce are those usually have the best favorable traits and variations
4. Over a long period of time these small traits accumulate and populations change - G. Natural Selection
- 1. Nature and the environment select those individuals with the best chance to survive
- H. Adaptation
- an inherited trait that increases chance of survival
- I. The origin of Species
-
1. Book written by Charles Darwin in 1859
2. clearly and logically presented the idea of natural selection and it affect on evolution
3. This book changed biology forever - J. Population
- a group of individuals that belong to a certain species live in a certain area and breed with others in that group
-
K. Genetics has helped to explain and understand Darwin’s ideas
L. Updating Darwin’s Ideas -
1. natural selection causes changes with in populations
2. a. microevolution- changes that happen with in a species over time - M. Isolation Leads to species Formation
- 1. Australia
- N. Extinction Leads to Species replacement
- 1. As dinosaurs died and became extinct humans replaced them
- O. Evidence for Macroevolution
-
1. Fossils- remains or evidence of ancient life bones, teeth, shells, imprint, footprint
2. Niche- the way of life of an organism and its use of the environment
3. Paleontologist- scientist who studies ancient life and fossils - Q. Chemical evidence of changes
- 1. similar amino acids, proteins, chemical, show similarities and differences
- R. Anatomy/ Physical Evidence
-
1. Homologous structures- similar structures function
2. Vestigial structure- structure that don’t serve any purpose or function anymore
3. a. Coccyx- tail bone
4. b. Appendix-
5. Embryonic development - 1. Directional Selection
-
2. a. Environmental conditions favor curtain individuals which cause a general population change
3. b. Peppered Moth story - 4. Disruptive Selection
- 5. a. the most common phenotype is selected against
- 6. Stabilizing Selection
- 7. a. favors individuals with average phenotypes
- 8. Genetic Drift
-
9. A. an accidental change in gene frequency
10. b. tends to affect small populations rather then large ones
11. c. Grass fire- destroys all white flowers- next year the Field has mostly red flowers - T. Divergent Evolution
- 1. When isolated populations evolve independently
- U. Adaptive Radiation
- many related species evolve from a common ancestral species
- V. Adaptive Convergence
-
1. Convergent evolution
2. When different species become structurally more similar over time
3. Shark and whale becoming more and more similar