Geology Vocab - 1
Terms
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- Andesite
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- type of volcanic rock generated by partial melting of basaltic crust and its associated sediment
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Andesitic Volcanism
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- volcanic activity associated with subduction zones
- andesitic rock generated by partial melting of basaltic crust
- Asthenosphere
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- A zone of the earth's mantle
- that lies beneath the lithosphere
- consists of several hundred kilometers of deformable rock.
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Convergent Plate Boundary
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- lithospheric plates are moving toward each other.
- denser plate is usually subducted
- associated with large earthquakes, often with deep foci
- andesitic volcanism
- Core
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- Inner-most part of Earth's concentric structure
- Hot, dense and metallic
- Molten outer core and solid inner core
- Crust
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- thin, brittle, mostly felsic
- outermost part of Earth's structure
- composed of continental and oceanic
- Divergent Plate Boundary
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- lithospheric plates are moving away from each other.
- Generates basaltic volcanism, many small earthquakes
- Lahar
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- pyroclastic deposit consisting of large and small angular fragments of volcanic rock
- generated by liquefaction of debris on sides of volcano
- Lithosphere
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- outer-most part of Earth's structure
- composed of felsic materials
- brittle, plastic in part
- crustal plates are part of lithosphere
- Mantle
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- Hot, thick, rocky, dense
- Between core and lithosphere
- Composed of mafic minerals
- Convection drives plate motion at surface
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Oceanic Ridge
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- Divergent plate boundary
- Submarine mountain chain associated with volcanism, earthquakes
- spreading and generation of new basaltic oceanic crust
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Partial Melting
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- process by which only some portions of basaltic crust are melted
- process by which only some portions of basaltic crust are melted
- Plate Tectonics
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the theory that Earth's surface consists of many large and small, rigid crustal plates that move randomly, interacting at their edges to produce a variety of features
- Pyroclastic
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- igneous rock formed from variable sized fragments of other igneous rocks
- igneous rock formed from variable sized fragments of other igneous rocks
- Silica
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- SiO4 molecules in lava
- silica content is highest in felsic rocks and lowest in mafic rocks
- silica content controls gas escape and relative explosivity of eruption
- higher silica - more explosive
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Strato Volcano
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- conical, steep-sided, symmetrical volcano
- composed of alternating layers of silicic lavas and pyroclastics.
- typical subduction zone volcano
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Subduction Zone
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- Convergent Plate Boundary
- Region where one plate is pushed beneath another
- Associated with volcanism, earthquakes
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Transform fault
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- transform plate boundary
- fault common on oceanic ridges related to differential rates of crustal spreading
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Transform Plate Boundary
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- lithospheric plates are moving side-by-side, horizontally
- lithospheric plates are moving side-by-side, horizontally
- Trench
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- Deepest part of ocen basins
- Usually adjacent to continents
- Volcanic Arc
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- chain of volcanoes associated with subduction zones