Neuroanatomy Overview - Brainstem & Cranial Nerves
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- There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves and ____ pairs of cranial nerves.
- 31, 12
- Many clinicians are wary of removing CSF during a spinal tap in patients with ___(high/low)___ intracranial pressure.
- high. Pressure can result from differential between cranial and spinal cavities, as might happen when the brain stem herniates into the foramen magnum.
- Of the 12 cranial nerves, ___ of them are purely sensory, ____ of them are purely motor, and ____ of them are mixed.
- 3, 5, 4
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve I.
- smell
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve II.
- sight
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve III.
- move the eyes (constricts pupils, accommodates)
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve IV.
- move the eyes
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve V.
- chews and feels the front of the head
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve VI.
- move the eyes
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve VII.
- moves the face, tastes, salivates, cries
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve VIII.
- hears, regulates balance
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve IX.
- tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body and sinus
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve X.
- tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, communication to and from thoraco-abdominal viscera
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve XI.
- turns head, lifts shoulders
- Name the function of Cranial Nerve XII.
- moves the tongue
- Cranial Nerves I - IV are located where in the brainstem - medulla, pons, or midbrain?
- midbrain. Though I and II actually lie more rostral near the diencephalon
- Cranial Nerves V - VIII are located where in the brainstem - medulla, pons, or midbrain?
- pons
- Cranial Nerves IX - XII are located where in the brainstem - medulla, pons, or midbrain?
- medulla
- In general, the cranial nerves exit relatively ___(anterior/posterior) to the ventricular sytem and ___(do/do not)___ cross over to the opposite side on exiting from the brain.
- anterior, do not. The only exception is Cranial Nerve IV, which both crosses over and passes over the roof of the brainstem.
- Cranial Nerve ___ pulls down, closing the eye whereas Cranial Nerve ___ opens the eye.
- III, VII