Chapter 4
Terms
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- Manifest Destiny
- The belief that held by many US leaders that it was God's sovereign will for the US to expand and possess territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. (4.2)
- Samuel Morse
- American Inventor of the telegraph and the Morse Code. (4.1)
- John Deere
- Invented the lightweight steel plow. (4.1)
- Eli Whitney
- Key US inventor of the Industrial Revolution. He revolutionized the South's economy with the invention of his cotton gin and greatly impacted the northern economy with his innovative concept of interchangeable parts. (4.1)
- Gadsden Purchase
- Agreement with Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million. The acquisition of these territories all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny. (4.2)
- US-Mexican War
- War fought between the US and Mexico in the 1840's that resulted in the US taking posession of California and much of the Southwest.
- Oregon
- Northwest territory of the continental US that was jointly occupied by Great Britain and the US. The US accepted a treaty declaring the 49th parallel as the official boundary of this territory. (4.2)
- Susan B. Anthony
- A supporter of both the temperance and abolitionist movements. She is best known for joining with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to fight for women's rights. (4.4)
- Cyrus McCormick
- Inventor of the mechanical reaper. (4.1)
- Seneca Falls Conference
- The first women's rights convention, held in 1848. (4.4)
- James Polk
- President who demanded Congress proclaim war on Mexico.
- Sam Houston
- Leader of the Texans who launched a rebellion against the Mexicans. (4.2)
- Antonio Santa Anna
- Mexican leader who led a 4,000 man army on an attack of The Alamo. (4.2)
- Laissez-faire Economics
- The belief that the government should not regulate business or pass policies to help US businessmen. (4.3)
- The Alamo
- An old mission in Texas where a small group of Texans took their stand against the Mexican leader, Santa Anna, after Texas declared independence. (4.2)
- Jacksonian Democracy
- Andrew Jackson's brand of politics and the changes he inspired. It included a strong belief in western expansion and the rights of white, frontier settlers. It featured: universal suffrage, the spoils system, laissez-fair economics, Indian removal, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. (4.3)
- Spoils System
- Policy instituted by President Jackson of rewarding political supporters with government positions. (4.3)
- Samuel Slater
- Built the first successful water-powered textile mill in America. (4.1)
- Abolition
- The ending of slavery. (4.4)
- Temperance Movement
- Members of this movement wanted to moderate the use of alcohol.
- Universal Suffrage
- Andrew Jackson's belief that all men should be free to vote. (4.3)
- Gasden Purchase
- Agreement with Mexico that gave the Us parts of present-day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million.
- Industrial Revolution
- A time during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries when advances in technology led to massive economic changes. (4.1)
- Robert Fulton
- Invented steam powered boat, inventor of the steam boat that could sail against current and wind. (4.1)
- Sectionalism
- The economic, social, cultural, and political differences that exist between different parts of the country. (4.1)
- Indian Removal Act of 1830
- Provided funds for the federal government to remove Native Americans from the eastern U. S. to a specially designated area known as Indian Territory. (4.3)
- Trail of Tears
- The Cherokees march west to Oklahoma after being forcibly removed from their land in north Georgia and the western Carolinas. (4.3)
- Temperance Movement
- Social movement aimed at restricting and eventually banning alcohol. (4.4)
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Major figure of the early women's rights movement. She helped organize the first women's rights convention, knowns as the Seneca Falls Conference, in 1848. (4.4)
- Horace Mann
- He wanted men and women to have access to public education and believed that education was essential to the success of democracy. (4.4)