bio DNA gaby
DNA info for 9th grade honors bio (Coventry High)
Terms
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- Base Pairing
- attraction between complementary nitrogenous bases that produces a force that holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together.
- Nucleotide
- DNA is a polymer made of a monomer called...
- uracil
- nitrgenoug base found only in RNA; base pairs with adenine (it replaces the Thymine in DNA during transfer)
- phosphate molecules and sugar
- the sides of DNA are made of...
- deoxyribose
- sugar found in DNA
- replication
- process by which DNA is duplicated before a cell divides
- adenine
- nitrogenous base in nucleic acids, belonging to the PURINES; base pairs with thymine or uracil
- translation
- process in which a message carried by a MRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain (protein)
- transformation
- process by ehich genetic material absorbed from the environment is added to or replaces part of a bacterium's DNA.
- guanine
- nitrogenous base in nucleic acids, belonging to the PURINES; base pairs with cytosines
- genetic code
- the way in which cells store the program that they pass from one generation to the next
- shape of DNA
- a ladder made of a souble helix
- Messenger RNA (MRNA)
- type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- 4 types of nitrogenous bases
- what the rungs of the DNA ladder are made of
- ribosomal RNA
- type of RNA that makes up the major part of the ribosome
- Francis Crick and James Watson
- figured out that DNA is a double helix shape. won the nobel prize in 1962
- The Replication DNA
- this must occur before a cell can divide, because the new cell needs a copy of the genetic information
- Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod
- they discovered that DNA was the transformation factor causing bacteria
- transcription
- process by which genetic material absorbed from the environment is added to or replaces part of a bacterium's DNA
- Rosalind Franklin
- gave x ray evidence for the structure of DNA
- cytosine
- nitrogenous base in nucleic acids belonging to the PYRIMIDINES
- 3 parts of a nucleotide
- 5 carbon sugar phosphate group and nitrogenous base
- Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
- confirmed that DNA was the transformation factor
- chloroplast and mitochondrion
- two organelles that DNA can be found in
- Frederick Griffith
- was not trying to discover what molecule carried the genetic code (british) disocovered TRANSFORMATION
- RNA
- nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides that act as a messenger between DNA and the ribosome nad carries out the process by which proteins are made from amino acid.
- codon
- 3 nucleotide sequence on messager RNA that codes for an amino acid
- thymine
- nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA, belonging to the PYRIMIDINES; base pairs with Adenine
- Francis Crick and James Watson
- two scientists that established the structure of DNA
- nucleotide
- unit of nucleic acid that is made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
- gene
- a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein which in turn codes for a trait.
- transfer RNA
- type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids are joined together to form polypeptides
- anticodon
- 3 nucleotide sequence in transfer RNA that base pairs with a complimentary sequence in messenger RNA during protein synthesis
- genetic code
- manner in which cells store the program that they pass from one generation to the next
- DNA
- nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic info from one generation of an organism to the next by coding for the production of a cells proteins.