Civics Unit 2
Terms
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- Absolute Monarchy
- a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule his or her people
- Sons of Liberty
- in Boston led by Samuel Adams
- Social Contract Theory
- based on sovereignty of the people, separation of powers, and natural rights
- Town Meetings
- An example of direct democracy in Connecticut
- Catholics
- Persecuted in Europe and in some colonies; settled in Maryland and middle colonies
- Parliament
- Legislative body in England formed after the Magna Carta was signed.
- Fundamental Orders of CT
- First constitution
- Committee of Correspondence
- organized by Samuel Adams to state the grievances of the colonists and establish communication between colonies.
- Triangular Trade
- system of trade between England, North America, and Africa
- Dictatorship
- a government controlled by one person or a small group of people
- English Bill of Rights
- document giving citizens certain rights; our's is very similar
- Representative Republic
- a government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf
- Declaratory Act
- Parliament had the sole authority to make colonial laws
- Communism
- economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions
- Theocracy
- a form of government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler
- Albany Plan of Union
- Ben Franklin's plan for the colonies to unite against England
- Intolerable Acts
- series of acts passed by George III to punish Boston for Tea Party. Closed Boston Harbor- Martial Law- Quartering
- Natural Rights
- "Life, Liberty, and Property".
- House of Burgesses
- FIRST EXAMPLE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE COLONIES
- Jamestown
- Founded by John Smith in 1607, House of Burgesses, tobacco, slaves 1619
- Quakers
- Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania and led by William Penn—believed in equality, tolerance, and religious freedom
- Proclamation of 1763
- Colonists were told that they could not expand west into the territory they had won by fighting.
- Middle Colonies
- Penns., Deleware, NY, and NJ
- Bacon's Rebellion
- Early conflict (1676) between Virginia frontier farmers and Governor Sir William Berkeley.
- Salutary Neglect
- During the 1600s there was a lack of management of the American colonies by Britain. This allowed American society to become more independent.
- Common Law
- Law based on court decisions (precedent) rather than legal code. Greatest influence on American law.
- John Peter Zenger
- His indictment, trial and acquittal on sedition and libel charges against the Governor William Cosby of the New York Colony in 1735[1] were important contributing factors to the development of freedom of the press in America.
- Mercantilsm
- economic policy of the 17th century that countries used to increase their wealth and power by using colonies to trade.
- Magna Carta
- Signed by King John of England in 1215. The king is not above the law. All citizens equal.
- Southern Colonies
- Maryland, NC, SC, Virginia, GA
- New England Colonies
- Mass., Connecticut, NH, and Rhode Island
- Socialism
- economic system in which government owns some factors of production and distributes the products and wages
- Yorktown
- The British surrender in October 1781
- Stamp Act
- It was a direct tax, one paid directly to the government—affected the average person.
- Saratoga
- considered the turning point of the war because American victory convinced the French to aid the American troops
- French and Indian War
- England fighting for territory with the French.
- Declaration of Independence
- written by Thomas Jefferson. Not a Form of Government!!! A list of grievances with Great Britain - signed on July 4, 1776
- Code of Hammurabi
- "an eye for an eye"
- House of Commons
- elected and similar to house of representatives
- First Continental Congress
- George Washington named commander of Colonial Army
- Shot Heard Around the World
- Paul Revere's famous ride, minutemen - able to fight at a moment's notice,
- Constitution of the Iroquois Nation
- Written by several Native American tribes that formed a confederacy that was similar to the govt. set up in our constitution
- Salem Witch Trials
- 1692, Mass.; executed people accused of withcraft. Ex. Of restricted religious freedom
- Anarchy
- a state of lawlessness and disorder
- Mayflower Compact
- ho settled at Plymouth rock in 1620. Shows direct democracy.
- House of Lords
- Served for life. Not elected.
- John Locke
- said that good govt. was a social contract between people and rulers; he also wrote that all people had natural rights that govt. should protect including "Life, Liberty, and Property".
- Democracy
- a government in which citizens hold the power to rule
- Navigation Acts
- In the 1600s England passed a series of acts that restricted the trade of the colonists. Charged taxes
- Puritans
- Protestants that wanted to purify the Church of England.
- Boston Tea Party
- colonist threw tea overboard in the harbor - dressed as Indians
- Olive Branch Petition
- Continental Congress tries to reconcile with George III but are refused
- Boston Massacre
- a group of colonists were harassing British troops on the streets. A shot was fired and five colonist died
- Pilgrims
- Puritans that left England to practice their beliefs in New England (Mayflower)
- Stamp Act Congress
- representatives from 9 colonies meet and declare, "No taxation without representation"
- Thomas Paine's Common Sense
- a pamphlet that supported separation from Great Britain
- Middle Passage
- journey for slaves across the Atlantic
- Indentured Servants
- first type of labor on plantation; people worked to pay off the debt for their passage to the new world (7years)