APUSH 29-32
Terms
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- Henry Demarest Lloyd
- exposed the corruption of the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company with his book Wealth Against Commonwealth
- 18th Amendment
- prohibited the sale and drinking of alcohol.
- 1902, a strike
- broke out in the anthracite coalmines of Pennsylvania, and some 140,000 workers demanded a 20% pay increase and the reduction of the workday to nine hours
- Francisco ("Pancho") Villa.
- combination bandit/freedom fighter, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico.
- "New Freedom,"
- favored small enterprise, desired to break up all trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social-welfare proposals.
- Lusitania
- a British passenger liner that was carrying arms and munitions as well. which the german u-boat sinked
- Department of Commerce and Labor
- was formed, a part of which was the Bureau of Corporations, which was allowed to probe businesses engaged in interstate commerce; it was highly useful in "trust-busting."
- Aldrich-Vreeland Act
- which authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral.
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- tried to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.
- Philippe Bunau-Varilla.
- Their leader of the old French Canal Company that was eager to salvage something from their costly failure at Panama (in other words, make a Panama canal)
- Jacob A. Riis
- How the Other Half Lives,
- result of 1902 strike
- As a result, the workers got a 10% pay increase and a 9-hour workday, but their union was not officially recognized as a bargaining agent.
- Forest Reserve Act of 1891
- which authorized the president to set aside land to be protected as national parks.
- Meat Inspection Act
- which decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection from corral to can.
- Open Door note
- urged the European nations to keep fair competition open to all nations willing and wanting to participate.
- 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act
- engthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.
- Roosevelt Corollary
- which stated that in future cases of debt problems, the U.S. would take over and pay off the debts, thus keeping the Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic.
- Joseph Pulitzer
- influenced overseas expansion
- Jones Act in 1916
- which granted full territorial status to the Philippines and promised independence as soon as a stable government could be established.
- Theodore Dreiser
- who wrote The Financier and The Titan
- Federal Trade Commission Act
- which empowered a presidentially appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery.
- Newlands Act of 1902
- initiated irrigation projects for the western states while the giant Roosevelt Dam, built on the Arizona River, was dedicated in 1911.
- Roosevelt's New Nationalism
- TR also campaigned for woman suffrage and a broad program of social welfare, such as minimum-wage laws and "socialistic" social insurancewas inspired by Herbert Croly's The Promise of American Life (1910), and it stated that the government should control the bad trusts, leaving the good trusts alone and free to operate..
- Lochner vs. New York
- nvalidated a New York law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers.
- TR's Square Deal
- "Square Deal" embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States' natural resources.
- Carranza
- succeed hueta after revolution
- 1913 Federal Reserve Act
- which created the new Federal Reserve Board, which oversaw a nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank, and had the power to issue paper money ("Federal Reserve Notes").
- "Dollar Diplomacy"
- which called for Wall Street bankers to sluice their surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the U.S., especially in the Far East and in the regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal, or otherwise, rival powers like Germany might weaken U.S. trade.
- William Randolph Hearst
- influenced overseas expansion
- "triple wall of privilege"
- he tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
- Josiah Strong
- influenced overseas expansion with Our Country: It's Possible Future and Its Present Crisis.
- Ida M. Tarbell
- launched a devastating exposé against Standard Oil.
- Emilio Aguinaldo,
- who took his troops into guerrilla warfare after open combat proved to be useless.
- Hepburn Act
- restricted the free passes of railroads.
- Lincoln Steffens
- launched a series of articles in McClure's entitled "The Shame of the Cities," in which he unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and the government.
- Root-Takahira Agreement
- pledged the U.S. and Japan to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Note in China.
- Richard Olney
- sec of state for us and informed to Britain informing them that the British actions were trespassing the Monroe Doctrine and that the U.S. controlled things in the Americas.
- Eugene V. Debs
- surprise came from Socialist who garnered 420,793 votes.
- British vs. Venezuela
- disputing their border for many years, but when gold was discovered, the situation worsened.
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783, argued that every successful nation had a great navy, starting a naval race among the great powers.
- Thorstein Veblen
- criticized the new rich (those who made money from the trusts) in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
- Underwood Tariff of 1913
- which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax
- uller vs. Oregon (1908)
- found attorney Louis D. Brandeis persuading the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws that protected women workers.
- Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
- that give a widened (6x10 mi.) Panamanian zone to the U.S. for $15 mil.
- Sussex pledge,
- which agreed not to sink passenger ships or merchant vessels without warning, so long as the U.S. could get the British to stop their blockade. but wilson coulndt uphold this promise
- Elkins Act
- which heavily fined RR's that gave rebates and the shippers that accepted them.
- Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.
- Britain had forbade the construction by either country of a canal in the Americas without the other's consent and help, but that statement was nullified in 1901 with the treaty
- Desert Land Act of 1877
- Americans were vainly wasting their natural resources, and the first conservation act