Ch 23 IDs 76-90
Terms
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- Tories and Whigs
- Tories: completely controlled by landed aristocracy-conservative-controlled govt. until 1830—Whigs: liberal-oppose strong monarchy/govt.
- Irish potato famine
- famine prices for food and famine itself seemed likely in England
- Battle of Peterloo
- protest in Saint Peter's Fields in Manchester-savagely broken up by armed cavalry-nicknamed this in scornful reference to the British victory at Waterloo-demonstrated govts determination to repress and stand fast
- King Charles X
- Louis's successor (1824-1830) crowned in a lavish, utterly medieval, 5 hour ceremony in the cathedral of Reims in 1824-true reactionary-wanted to re-establish old order in France-in 1830 govt turned to military adventure in an effort to rally French nationalism and gain popular support
- Ten Hours Act
- limited workday for women and young people in factories to 10 hours
- Corn Laws
- regulate foreign grain trade had long existed but weren't needed during a generation of war with France because the British had been unable to import cheap grain from eastern Europe-revision: prohibited importation of foreign grain unless the price at home rose to improbable levels
- French Constitutional Charter of 1814
- theoretically a gift from the king but actually a response to political pressures-a liberal constitution-from king Louis XVIII-100,000 of the wealthiest males out of 30 million could vote
- Treaty of Adrianople
- 1829-recognized Greek autonomy after Russia had defeated the Turks in war
- King Louis Philippe
- Charles cousin; duke of Orleans-took the throne after Charles abdicated-accepted Constitutional Charter of 1814-adopted red, white, and blue flag of French Rev.-admitted he was merely king of French people
- Chartist movement/People's Charter
- inspired by economic distress of working class-core demand was universal male suffrage-complete political democracy and rule by common people as means to good and just society
- Poor Laws
- provided aid to some low-paid workers-call for reform on these
- Six Acts
- placed controls on a heavily taxed press and practically eliminated all mass meetings
- July Revolution
- overthrow of King Charles X (sought to impose absolutism by rolling back the constitutional monarchy)-radical revolt in Paris forced Charles to abdicate
- Reform Bill of 1832
- profound significance-House of Commons had emerged as all-important legislative body-House of Lords could always be brought into line by threat of creating new peers-number of voters increased by 50%, 12% of adult men in Britain and Ireland right to vote
- Robert Peel
- Tory prime minister joined with Whigs and a minority of his own party to repeal Corn Laws in 1846 and allow free imports of grain