The Revolutionary War
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- The Proclamation of 1763
- King George III issued this to stop the expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains and sent soldiers to guard the border.
- Loyalists
- American colonists who remained loyal to the British.
- Patriots
- American colonists who were loyal to the colonies.
- George Washington
- Was put in charge of the Continental Army.
- American Difficulties
- Society was divided about war, short enlistment robbed the army of men, army lacked supplies and military experience, and the brutal conditions caused death.
- Enlistment Request for the Continental Army
- One year.
- How did women help out during the war?
- They cooked, cleaned, did laundry, and nursed the sick and wounded.
- Molly "Pitcher" Hayes
- Carried water to men during battles.
- Deborah Simpson
- Dressed as a man and fought in several engagements.
- Why did the British retreat from Boston?
- The Continental Army brought cannons from Fort Ticonderoga and threatened to bombard Boston, where General Howe, his 9,000 troops, and 1,000 Loyalist supporters were.
- Positive Consequences of Saratoga
- The European nations begin to believe that America has a chance to win. Several European nations join in the fight to help America.
- Three Sided Attack
- General Burgoyne took too long getting to the south, Howe decided to try and attack Washington in Philadelphia, and Leger was defeated by Benedict Arnold.
- Battles of Saratoga
- Burgoyne is forced to surrender after the Colonial Army fired on the fort day and night.
- Negative Consequences of Saratoga
- Benedict Arnold became convinced that he hadn't been rewarded enough for his actions, and was caught trying to give an American fort to the British. The army lost a great leader.
- Countries that Joined in the Fight
- France and Spain..
- How Spain Helped
- Spain fought the British in the Mississippi Valley, on the Gulf Coast, and in Florida.
- How France Helped
- Sent troops, supplies, and funds.
- Valley Forge
- Washington and his troops camped at Valley Forge for the winter of 1777-1778 with only blankets. They had no shoes, and Congress was slow to help them, so they were forced to rely on the citizens to help them.
- George Roger Clark
- Defeated the British outposts in the west, and gained control of the area from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River.
- Privateers
- A privately owned ship that receives permission to attack during a time of war.
- John Paul Jones
- Commander of the "Bonhomme Richard", he attacked the British ship "Serapis." He forced the British captain to surrender, and when his own ship sank, he sailed away on the "Serapis."
- Charles Town and Savannah Fall
- When Savannah fell, the British were able to gain control of Georgia. The British victory at Charles Town marked the biggest defeat for the Americans.
- Guerrilla Fighting
- General Horatio Gates employed Francis "Swamp Fox" Marion to destroy British boats on the Santee River.
- Nathanael Green
- Put in charge of the southern army to replace General Gates, he and his troops avoided major battles when possible, but when they did fight, they made sure they delivered a heavy blow to the British.
- The Battle of Yorktown
- The last major battle of the Revolutionary War. When Cornwallis came to Yorktown to gain access to the ocean and supplies from Europe, Washington saw his chance to attack. Washington and his troops came by land, and the French came by sea. In 1781, Cornwallis is forced to surrender.
- Treaty of Paris
- Signed in 1783, it's the treaty that ended the war.
- Six Parts of the Treaty of Paris
- 1) U.S. is independent 2) Boundaries were the Mississippi River, Canada, and Florida. 3) The U.S. had the right to fish off of Canada's Atlantic Coast 4) Each side would repay debts it owed the other 5) British would return any enslaved people they had captured, 6) Congress would recommend that the states return any properties seized from the Loyalists.
- Why Did America Win?
- Better leadership, their leader learned from his mistakes, America had foreign aid, home field advantage, and motivation.
- How Many Men Died?
- 25,700 men.
- Republicanism
- A government based on the rule of the people.
- The Sugar Act
- In 1764, the Parliament placed a three cent tax on each gallon of molasses. To fight this, the colonists passed a non-importation agreement on the taxed good.
- The Quartering Act
- Passed in 1765, this Act required colonists to provide the British soldiers stationed in America with a place to live, fuel for heat, candles, and cider and beer.
- The Stamp Act
- Passed in 1765, this Act required colonists to pay a tax on stamps that were placed on cards, newspapers, diplomas, and various legal documents.
- The Stamp Act Congress
- The meeting of delegates from nine states in 1765 to prepare a statement protesting the Stamp Act.
- The Declaratory Act
- The Act that stated that the King and Parliament had total power over the colonies.
- The Townshend Acts
- Charles Townshend convinced Parliament to pass an indirect tax on all imported goods, including glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. This Act also set up a customs house.
- The Boston Massacre
- Happened March 5, 1770, the patriots and British clashed and five men were killed. This was the first time people had been killed protesting.
- Crispus Attucks
- Freed Slave that incited the crowd at the Boston Massacre.
- Committees of Correspondence
- Started in Boston in 1772, groups of patriots communicated with groups in other cities about Britain's abuse of civil liberties. This helped unite the colonists.
- The Tea Act
- To avoid paying the tax on tea, colonists smuggled it from the Netherlands. The smuggling hurt the colonies' main supplier of tea, and they asked the Parliament for help. The Parliament passed the Tea Act, which allowed the East India Company to sell tea for less than the smuggled price.
- Samuel Adams
- Patriot, and founder of the "Sons of Liberty," which was a secret American organization founded in November 1765.
- The Boston Tea Party
- On December 16, 1773, the Sons of Liberty, led by Samuel Adams, dressed as Native Americans and tossed 342 chests into the Boston Harbor.
- The Intolerable Acts
- Issued in response to the Boston Tea Party, these acts closed the port of Boston until the citizens paid for the tea. They also restricted the activities of the Massachusetts legislature, and gave more power to Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts.
- The First Continental Congress
- Banned trade with Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed.
- The Midnight Ride
- Thomas Gage found out about weapons being stashed in Concord, and that Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were in Lexington, were involved in this. Paul Revere and William Dawes were in charge of spreading the news of any British troop movement.
- Lexington and Concord
- When the British reached Concord, militiamen were waiting. A shot is fired ("the shot heard around the world"). When the British moved on to Lexington, they were forced to retreat. These two battles were the first battles of the Revolutionary War.