AP art history part 2
Terms
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- terra-cotta
- a ceramic. Its uses include vessels, water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in building construction, along with sculpture such as the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines. The term is also used to refer to items made out of this material and to its natural, brownish orange color.
- kouros
- representations of male youths dating from the Archaic period in Greece
- frieze
- the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in the Ionic or Corinthian order—decorated with bas-reliefs
- peplos
- is a body-length Greek garment worn by women in the years before 500 BC. The peplos is essentially a tubular cloth, folded inside-out from the top about halfway down, so that what was the top of the tube is now at the waist and the bottom of the tube is about ankle-length.
- Krater
- was a vase used to mix wine and water
- troy
- An ancient city of northwest Asia Minor near the Dardanelles. Originally a Phrygian city dating from the Bronze Age, it is the legendary site of the Trojan War and was captured and destroyed by Greek forces c. 1200 B.C. The ruins of Troy were discovered by Heinrich
- portico
- is a porch that is leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls.
- black-figrue painting
- black silhouettes on clay surface developed by the Corinthians
- marble
- nonfoliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite. It is extensively used for sculpture, as a building material, and in many other applications
- entablature
- refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture,
- in antis
- is an architectural term describing the posts or pillars on either side of a doorway or entrance of a Greek Temple - the slightly projecting piers which terminate the walls of the naos
- caryatids
- is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.
- tufa
- Tufa is a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposit that forms by chemical precipitation from bodies of water with a high dissolved calcium content
- parthenon
- a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered one of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments
- peristyle
- a columned porch or open colonnade in a building that surrounds a court that may contain an internal garden
- athena
- is the shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour.
- kore
- maiden type of ancient Greek sculpture of the Archaic period.
- Gigantomachy
- consisting of giants versus humans battle
- crete
- is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It was the center of the Minoan civilization (ca. 2600-1400 BC), the oldest Greek civilization.
- zeus
- Greek mythology is the king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky and thunder.
- centaur
- are a race of creatures composed of part human and part horse.
- fresco secco
- the technique of painting in watercolors on dry plaster. Also called dry fresco
- buon fresco
- is a fresco painting technique in which watercolors are applied to plaster when it is still wet
- periptural
- (of a classical temple or other structure) surrounded by a single row of columns
- stereobate
- is the top step of the stepped platform on which colonnades of temple columns are placed. "floor of the temple"
- labyrinth
- was an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete at Knossos. Its function was to hold the Minotaur, a creature that was half man and half bull and was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus.
- Ionic
- normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform. The capital characteristic paired scrolling volutes that are laid on the molded cap ("echinus") of the column, or spring from within it. The cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart.
- faience
- conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff body
- pediment
- A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature), typically supported by columns
- tholos
- a subterranean domed tomb chamber of the Mycenaean
- Hellenistic
- Greek influence in the ancient world
- Cella noas
- is the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture
- cycladic islands
- are a Greek island group in the Aegean Sea, south-east of the mainland of Greece
- scultpure in the round
- In full sculptured form, unattached to a background
- kallikrates
- was an ancient Greek architect active in the middle of the fifth century BCE. He and Iktinos were architects of the Parthenon (Plutarch, Pericles, 13) [1]
- cycladic figure
- are highly abstract. Ancient peoples placed figurines like this in grave sites
- phideas
- made the scultpture of Athena in the Pantenon. was a Greek sculptor, painter and architect, commonly regarded as one of the greatest of all Classical sculptors.
- Henreich Schliemann
- Naples) was a German archaeologist, an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer, and an important excavator of Troy and of the Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiry
- triglyph
- Triglyph is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze,
- minotaur
- a monster, the offspring of Pasiphaë and the Cretan bull, that had the head of a bull on the body of a man: housed in the Cretan Labyrinth, it was fed on human flesh until Theseus, helped by Ariadne, killed it
- architectural sculpture
- is a general categorization used to describe items used for the decoration of buildings and structure
- metope
- is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze, which is a decorative band of alternating triglyphs and metopes above the architrave of a building of the Doric order. often had painted or sculptural decoration; the most famous example is the 92 metopes of the frieze of the Parthenon marbles depicting the battle between the Centaurs and the Lapiths.
- repousse
- raised in relief by hammenting on the reverse side
- Illiad homer
- legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.
- Alexander the great
- He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle. By the time of his death, he had conquered (see Wars of Alexander the Great) most of the world known to the ancient Greeks
- Kamares ware
- are a distinctive type of ceramic produced in Crete during the Minoan period, dating to MM IA (ca. 2100 BCE). By the LM IA period (ca. 1450), or the end of the First Palace Period, these wares decline in distribution and "vitality"[1]. They have traditionally been interpreted as a prestige artifact, possibly used as an elite table-ware.
- Doric
- stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (entablature) that they carried.
- Meander
- pattern around the rim of the krater
- rhyton
- an ancient Greek drinking horn, made of pottery or metal, having a base in the form of the head of a woman or animal.
- King Minos
- was a mythical king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa
- corinth
- is a city in Greece. In antiquity it was a city-state, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece.
- Corinthian
- characterized by a slender fluted column and an ornate capital decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls.
- treasury
- The term was first used in Classical times to describe the votive buildings erected to house gifts to the gods, such as the Siphnian Treasury in Delphi or many similar buildings erected in Olympia, Greece by competing city-states to impress others during the ancient Olympic Games.
- volute
- is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column.
- colonnade
- denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing
- acropolis
- "high city" of Athens. Parthenon sits atop it
- knossos
- ruined city on N central Crete; capital of the ancient Minoan civilization.
- idealism
- the philosophy which maintains that the ultimate nature of reality is ideal, or based upon ideas, values and essences and that the so-called external, or real world is inseparable from consciousness, perception, mind, intellect, and reason in the sense of rigorous science.
- contrapposto
- to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and
- Humanism
- Greeks captured the essance of it. --that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality
- Iktinos
- architect of the Parthenon.
- Mycenaean
- is a cultural period of ancient Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese of southern Greece. Athens, Pylos, Thebes, and Tiryns are also important Mycenaean sites. The last phase of the Bronze Age in ancient Greece, it is the historical setting of much Ancient Greek literature and myth, including the epics of Homer.
- amphora
- is a type of ceramic vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body
- beehive tomb
- also known as the tholos tomb (plural tholoi), is a burial structure characterised by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones
- parapet
- a wall-like barrier at the edge of a roof or structure.
- Pericles
- was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. Pericles promoted the arts and literature; this was a chief reason Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world. He started an ambitious project that built most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project beautified the city, exhibited its glory, and gave work to the people.
- gable
- often triangular, of the pediment, which also consists of the raking cornice or ends of the sloped roofs
- entasis
- entasis is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes. Its best-known use is in certain orders of Classical columns that bulge slightly in the middle.
- Pergamon
- an ancient Greek kingdom on the coast of Asia Minor: later a Roman province.
- Nike
- Greek goddess who personifies victory