MPCS Matter Test
8th Grade Matter Test for MPCS
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- What gives matter its properties?
- The types of atoms in matter and how they attach to each other.
- What do seashells and coral reefs contain?
- Calcium carbonate
- What happens when the state of water changes?
- Its density changes
- Mixture
- Composed of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined
- What happens to objects more dense than water?
- The object will sink
- What is a native element?
- Minerals made up of only one element
- When do solids melt?
- At a slightly lower temperature when pressure is increased.
- How many naturally occuring elements are there on Earth?
- 90
- What bonds are easily broken?
- Hydrogen bonds
- Electrons don't really follow an orbitlike path, but in a __________ that surrounds the nucleus.
- cloud
- Molecule
- A group of atoms connected by covalent bonds
- Name the 2 types of mixtures
- heterogeneous and homogeneous
- Describe particles in a solid.
- They are fixed
- Describe particles in a liquid.
- Theyare attracted to each other, but not fixed. (They can change positions and fit in the shape of a container.)
- Where are protons and neutrons located?
- In the nucleus (center of an atom)
- At what temperatute does water boil?
- 100 degrees celcius.
- Which state of matter spreads out and fills its containers?
- Gas (Liquids will take the shape of containers, but will not necessarily fill them)
- Atoms with a negative charge
- Have more eletrons than protons
- Cohesion
- Attraction between water molecules that allows them to form raindrops and form beads on flat surfaces
- How can the state of matter be changed?
- By temperature and pressure
- What happens if more than 8 electrons exist during bonding?
- They must form a new, higher energy level
- What is responsible for key characteristics of metals?
- Metallic bonds
- What allows electric current to pass easily in metals?
- Conductivity (or the movement of electrons)
- At what temperature does water change from a liquid to a solid?
- At its freezing point of 0 degrees celcius.
- Metallic Bond
- When electrons are free to move from one positively charged ion to another
- What allows electric current to pass easily in metals?
- Conductivity (or the movement of electrons)
- Mass number
- Is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
- What happens when thermal energy is added to ice?
- The rate of movement of its molecules increases, so molecules move more freely and the ice melts.
- How many electrons can an atom have during bonding?
- 8
- All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?
- protons
- Physical Properties
- Properties that you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance
- Homogeneous Mixture
- Are evenly mixed throughout
- How can components of a mixture be separated?
- By physical means
- What kind of bonds can form without the interaction of electrons?
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Why might Mars appear to have had considerable water on its surface in the past but now has little or no water on its surface?
- Because of changes in thermal energy
- Density
- A measure of the mass of an object divided by its volume
- Describe changes in matter.
- Matter is changed from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point and from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point.
- Give an example of a compound.
- Water (2 hydrogen and 1 water atom)
- Sodium forms which compound?
- Table salt
- What kind of bonds can form without the interaction of electrons?
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Atoms
- Tiny, building block of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- What electrons can form bonds?
- Only those having the highest energies in the electron cloud
- How can matter in one state often be changed to another state?
- By adding or removing thermal energy
- How many naturally occuring elements are there on Earth?
- 90
- Niels Bohr
- A Dutch scientist who proposed that an atom's electrons travel in orbit around the nucleus
- Heterogeneous Mixture
- Not mixed evenly and each component retains its own properties
- How do you find the number of neutrons?
- By subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
- Chemical Bonds
- Forces that hold the atoms together in compounds
- All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?
- protons
- Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
- What does decreasing pressure do to matter?
- Lowers the boiling points of liquids.
- Why does ice float?
- Because it is less dense than liquid water.
- Where can the atomic number be found on the periodic table?
- Above the element symbol
- Solids
- Have a definite shape and take a definite volume
- Neutrons
- No electric charge
- Atomic Number
- Is the same as the number of protons in an atom
- Solution
- Another name for a homogeneous mixture
- Atoms with a positive charge
- Have fewer electrons than protons
- Model
- A smaller version of a larger object
- Name the properties of water.
- Solid ice, liquid water, or gas
- Electrons
- Negative electric charge and exist outside the nucleus
- g/cm3
- The formula for density
- Electrons don't really follow an orbitlike path, but in a __________ that surrounds the nucleus.
- cloud
- Compound
- Contains atoms of more than one type of element that are chemically bonded together
- What happens if less than 8 electrons exist during bonding?
- It is unstable and is more likely to combine with other atoms.
- What is the formula for a neutral atom?
- atomic number=number of protons=number of electrons
- What electrons can form bonds?
- Only those having the highest energies in the electron cloud
- Sodium forms which compound?
- Table salt
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space.
- What is the ONLY substance that occurs naturally on Earth as a solid, liquid, and gas?
- Water
- Separating mixtures can be easier than separating what?
- Compounds
- Describe gas particles.
- They have enough energy to overcome any attractions between them and move freely and independently. They spread out.
- Plasma
- The most common state of matter in the universe and is associated with high temperatures.
- What happens when water freezes?
- Hydrogen bonds force water molecules apart into a structure that is less dense.
- Covalent Bond
- When atoms share their electrons in their outermost energy levels
- Where is plasma found on the Earth?
- In lightning bolts.
- How do you find the number of neutrons?
- By subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
- Where can the atomic number be found on the periodic table?
- Above the element symbol
- How is a weak hydrogen bond formed?
- When the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule
- Protons
- Positive electric charge
- Which particles have more energy? Solids or liquids?
- Liquid
- Chemical Property
- Describes a change that occurs when one substance reacts with another
- What bonds are easily broken?
- Hydrogen bonds
- Name the 4 physical states of matter
- Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
- Ionic Bond
- When atoms combine if they become positively or negatively charged
- What 3 particles make up an atom?
- Protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Elements
- Substances made of only ONE type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical or physical means.
- Which Greek philosopher proposed that matter is composed of atoms?
- Democritus