Objective 5
Terms
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- Andrew Carnegie
- A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
- Boss Tweed
- Large political boss and head of Tammany Hall, he controlled New York and believed in "Honest Graft".
- Captains of Industry
- owners and managers of large industrial enterprises who wielded extraordinary political and economic power
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
- Credit Mobilier Scandal
- 1872 illegal manipulation of contracts by a construction and finance company associated with the building of the Union Pacific Railroad
- Dumbbell Tenements
- Apartments built in New York City after the Tenement House Act of 1879 and before the so-called "New Law" of 1901.
- Ellis Island
- New York Harbor immigration station for European immigrants
- Eugene Debs
- Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
- Farmers Alliance
- political organization that organized to collect candidates and to achieve policies that would help them
- Gilded Age
- 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
- Gospel of Wealth
- the belief that those entrusted with societys riches had to prove themselves morally responsible
- Inventions
- a new tool, device, or process, created after scientific study and experimentation
- J.P Morgan
- Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"
- Jacob Riis
- A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.
- John D. Rockefeller
- Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
- Labor Unions
- an organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions
- New Immigrants
- immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe
- Old Immigrants
- immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe
- Pendleton Civil Service Act
- 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
- Political Machines
- an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government
- Robber Barons
- People who'd built fortunes by swindling investors and taxpayers, and bribing officials
- Samuel Gompers
- He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
- Settlement Houses
- institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people
- Sherman Antitrust Act
- an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States
- Thomas Nast
- Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed.
- U.S v. E.C. Knight, Co.(1895)
- Due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the Court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies.
- Vanderbilt Family
- An influential family whose enormous wealth was created in the railroad industry.
- Whiskey Ring Scandal
- Before they were caught, a group of mostly Republican politicians were able to siphon off millions of dollars in federal taxes on liquor; the scheme involved an extensive network of bribes involving tax collectors, storekeepers, and others.
- Yellow-Dog Contract
- an agreement some companies forced workers to take that forbade them from joining a union. This was a method used to limit the power of unions, thus hampering their development.