Chapter 21 Terms

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Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of the Sea Power Upon History: Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote The Influence of the Sea Power Upon History after he spent much time cruising the seas in his youth. He came to a realization that the great powers specifically Britain, had gained it's power through it's naval greatness. He advocated for a canal to be built, connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific. This term is diplomatic because Mahan managed to help rebuild the U.S.'s naval strategy and helped to build the ideas up of building the Panama Canal.
Pan-American Conference: The Pan-American Conference was a conference to better deal with relations between American and their southern neighbors. Primarily in Latin America. This term is political because these conferences were held to better relations with other countries making it a political matter.
Cuba: Cuba at this time period was at a crisis at this point in time. They were trying to gain independence from Spain but were coming up unsuccessful. They rebel leaders in Cuba wanted to bring the Americans into the struggle so that they could gain freedom. William Randolph Hearst managed to bring the problem into the publics full attention by making it front page news. Therefore the Americans entered the problem. THis term is political because Cuba was trying to gain it's freedom and was unsuccessful. Therefore it's brought America into the equation.
Jingoism: Jingoism was a patriotic movement in the 1890 in response to the conflict between the United States and Spain. The Conflict started over Cuba's independence. The Jingoes wanted to show the U.S.'s military advantage to better their positions. They eventually got what they wanted when diplomacy failed and the Spanish-American War broke out. This term is political because it dealt with two powerful countries deciding the independence of another.
yellow Journalism: Yellow Journalism is a type of journalism where catchy and exaggerated headlines are used to sell more newspapers. The facts are not completely factual but the headlines are used fully to capture people's attention. This term is economic because the sale of newspapers is the ultimate goal. The information that goes into these newspapers does not have to be completely true.
Spanish-American War: The Spanish-American War was fought over Cuba's independence from Spain. The U.S. got involved and this led to a war. In the end, Cuba received it's independence and the U.S. and Spain ended up with the Treaty of Paris. This term is political because it dealt with two countries trying to get involved in another countries independence.
Teller Amendment: The teller Amendment was
Philippines: The Philippines was a point of tension during this time period. The Spanish wanted claims to the islands but the U.S. did not want to allow it. The U.S. thought a better course of action would be giving them to a more imperial power but that was thought of by some as showing a sign of weakness. Eventually the U.S. received the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris. This term is political because the philippines were basically being traded amongst countries.
George Dewey: George Dewey was The admiral of the U.S.'s navy. HE was the solo person in U.S. history to achieve the rank of the Admiral of the Navy. He also won the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American war. This term is diplomatic because Dewey was able to command the navy in such a way that allowed him to win battle and achieve an extremely high ranking.
Maine: Maine at this time period was
Big-Stick Policy: The Big Stick policy was a term thought up by Roosevelt. It meant that one should have a good manner about them and be good willed towards other countries but they should also have a big stick or otherwise known as naval power. In other words, strength mattered more then goodwill when it came down to it. This term is political because to carry a big stick is a political method in dealing with other countries.
Puerto Rico; Guam: Puerto Rico; Guam at this time period were
Anti-Imperialist League: The Anti-Imperialist League was a League that wanted imperialism to stop. They felt like it was unfair to take over people's home countries and take them as territories. They also felt like the Federal Government was not given power to imperialize the world. Andrew Carnegie was even part of this league. However, anti-imperialist never became a huge movement and stayed rather confined to a smaller group. This term is political because the Anti-inperialists wanted people to be free to govern themselves and not to be run by other nations.
Insular Cases: The Insular Cases were Supreme Court Cases that dealt with territories acquired during the Spanish-American war. People were questioning whether the constitution stretched over to these territories as well. The U.S. decided that the constitution did not completely each to other countries. This term is political because the topic of constitutional presence in territories was a huge topic during the presidential election at the time and to the anti-imperialists.
Platt Amendment (1901): The Platt Amendment was to replace the earlier Teller Amendment. This dealt with the American's withdrawal of troops from Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War. This Amendment also established the regulations between Cuba and America for the time being. This term is political because it dealt with the conditions between two countries during a very unstable time.
John Hay: John Hay was the secretary of state under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He also served as a diplomat during the end of the Spanish-American War in Paris during the signing of of Treaty of Paris. THis term is diplomatic because Hay served as a diplomate and this was extremely important at the time because it was a tense period between the U.S. and many other countries.
Boxer rebellion: Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China because of the spheres of influence that were bringing about western ways of life and Christianity. These rebels also didn't like the imperialism going on. They were a pro-nationalist group that wanted no change to china. This term is cultural because this rebellion was started because the people were unhappy with the Western influences that might of been changing their society.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901): The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty was an agreement between Britain and the United States. It was the start to building the Panama Canal. Both countries did not want to be in control of the Canal solely so they paired up to do it together. This term is economic because the nations wanted a way to connect the Pacific ocean with the Atlantic. They were able to do this with a canal.
Panama Canal: The Panama Canal was a Canal that would link the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. It would be a huge gain both politically and economically for the U.S. This would allow for military ships to reach each ocean quicker without having to sail around South America. It could also help the trading and imports and exports for the U.S. This term is economic because the import and export business could be greatly improved. It would be much more efficient with the canal then before.
Roosevelt Corollary: The Roosevelt Corollary was a corollary to the monroe doctrine that allowed for the U.S. to take care of any relations between the European nations and the Latin American nations. This way the U.S. could protect their claims on any nation in Latin America. This term is political because it deals with the elations between european nations and latin american nations.
Great White Fleet: The Great White Fleet was a group of navy vessels that were painted bright white. This is how they were given their nickname. They made a journey across the globe to complete a circumnavigation of the globe. This term is political because it showed the strength of the U.S. navy and in this voyage they were also able to show of the U.S.'s fleet.
Russo-Japanese War: Russo-Japenese War was fought between Russia and Japan. russia wanted a warm water port to be able use all year. The only useable port in Russia was only usable part of the year. The other part of the year it was frozen over and unusable. The Russians fought over a port with japan and a war started. This was the first major war of the 20th century. This term is economic because the Russians wanted a warm water port for imports and exports and they took the matter up with Japan.
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905): The Treaty of Portsmouth was the treaty to end the Russo-Japanese War. It was held in Portsmouth. This term is political because it ended the firs major war of the 20th century.
Lodge Corollary: Lodge Corollary was a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that countries were no longer able to obtain large amounts of land in the Western hemisphere. This allowed for nations' government's to protect themselves and to ensure their own safety. This term is political because it allowed for nations to have control over their own independence and well being for once.
Moral Diplomacy: Moral Diplomacy was proposed by president Woodrow Wilson. This said that the United Sates wold only support Latin American countries that were democratic. In doing this he hoped to change the countries in democracies through a period with no economic relations with America. He thought that this would make the countries change their minds and become democratic. This term is political because Wilson was trying to spread the Democratic way of government.
Dollar Diplomacy: Dollar Diplomacy was created by President Taft. He illustrated that it would be beneficial to America to focus on their overseas economic and political interests. He felt like business would gain and it would strengthen economic benefits to overseas. THis term is economic because it was a way to stretch the U.S.'s businesses overseas and gain a profit and diplomacy with other countries.
John J. Pershing and Expeditionary Force.: John J. Pershing and Expeditionary Force were sent into Mexico heading to the Villa that was causing the problems. The two governments were almost at the point of war but they soon realized that it would not be good and backed off. This term is political because neither county wanted a war and were able to come to an agreement and back off.

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