NU 246 (EXAM 2)-CANCER
Terms
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- CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL CANCERS
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1.UNREGULATED GROWTH OF CELLS
2.MUTATIONS OF CELL
3.MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS=CANCEROUS - WHAT CAN HAPPEN IF CANCER UNTREATED
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CAN INVADE ADJACENT TISSUE
CAN SPREAD BY BLOOD AND LYMPHATICS TO DISTANT SITES=METASTASIS - TO FIND TXT (MD) FOR CANCER, DEPENDS ON __
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CELL TYPE
-EACH TYPE OF CANCER RESPONDS TO TXT DIFFERENTLY - DIFFERENTIATION
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MATURATION OF CELL
WELL DIFFERENTIATED=BENIGN
POORLY DIFFERENTIATED=ANAPLASTIC MALIGNANT - HOW DOES A CELL BECOME CANCEROUS?
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CARCINOGENISIS-->
1.INITIATION-CARCINOGENS
2.PROMOTION-MAKES IT GROW UNREGULATED
3.PROGRESSION-GROWS AND SPREADS TO SITES - HOW LONG CAN IT TAKE CANCER TO DEVELOP
- 10-20 YRS
-
CANCER CAN DEVELOP IF__
80 PERCENT OF ALL CANCERS OCCUR AGE__
IF YOU HAVE 1 CANCER__
EARLY DIAGNOSIS= -
-IMMUNE SYS FAILS
-AGE 55 AND UP
-YOU ARE PRONE TO HAVING INCREASED CHANCE OF DEVELOPING ANOTHER CANCER
-BETTER PROGNOSIS - CELLS CONTAIN PROTEINS CALLED__
- TUMOR SPECIFIC ANTIGENS (TSA)
- CEA
-
USED FOR ABDOMINAL CANCERS
-IF LEVELS HIGH,MD STARTS TO LOOK FOR MALIGNANCY - PSA
- PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN
- CA 15-3
-
BREAST CANCER ANTIGEN
-WILL BE ELEVATED IF BREAST CANCER PRESENT - SCREENING RECOMMENDATIONS
-
-IMAGING TESTS
-STAGING:TNM (TUMOR NODE METASTASIS)
-GRADE:BASED ON DIFFERENTIATION
-AFFECTS MANY SYS
-PROBLEMS OF METASTASIS
-TXT GOAL:CURE,CONTROL,PALLIATION - SURGERY
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LOCAL TXT
DX-BIOPSY
BIOPSY-TUMOR AND SURROUNDING REMOVED - INCISIONAL BIOPSY
- WEDGE OF TISSUE REMOVED
- NEEDLE BIOPSY
-
-UNDER ANESTHESIA
-NEEDLE INSERTED IN AREA
-TUMOR REMOVED - PRIMARY TXT
- REMOVE TUMOR AND SURROUNDING TISSUES AND STRUCTURES "CLEAR MARGINS"
- PROPHYLACTIC
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FAMILY HISTORY
EXP:IF PT HAS HISTORY OF OVARIAN CANCER (IN FAM),PERSON MAY BET OVARIES REMOVED - PALLIATIVE
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COMPLICATIONS
-SURGERY TO REMOVE PAIN - RECONSTRUCTIVE
- TO IMPROVE FUNCTION AND COSMETICS
- INGESTION
-
-BODY SECRETIONS
-RADIOACTIVE - CUMULATIVE
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LIFE TIME DOSE
-IF PT HAS RADIATION IN 1 AREA, PT CANNOT HAVE RADIATION AGAIN IN SAME AREA
NSG CARE:DONT WANT TO WASH OFF MARKINGS - S/E OF RADIATION
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LOCALIZED IN AREA RADIATED
-HAIR LOSS
-THROMBOCYTOPENIA
-ANEMIA
-LEUKOPENIA
-C/O OF FATIGUE
HEALTH TEAM WEARS A FILM BADGE-DETERMINES RAD(RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE)
-EXPOSURE TO RADIATION - NSG CARE WITH RADIATION
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-NO LOTION,MED ON SKIN
-AVOID INJURY
-ANOREXIA
STOMATITIS-XEROSTOMIA (NO ETOH,MOUTH SWABS,GIVE BAKING SODA,SALT,H20)
-BMS
-ALOPECIA
-SYSTEM SPECIFIC - CHEMOTHERAPY
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AFFECTS RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS
PT GIVEN 2-3 DIFFERENT DRUGS (FOR EACH CYCLE)
WORSE S.E. SEEN IN 10-14 DAYS
LIFE THREATENING S.E.**BMS** BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION - OTHER S.E. OF CHEMO
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1.GI
2.ALOPECIA
3.STOMATITIS (MOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS)
4.NADIR-THE LOWEST COUNT OF WBC/RBC