obstetrics and gynecology
Terms
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- treatment for breat feeding mastitis
- continue breast feeding, give po abx
- most common cause of nonobstetric postpartum death
- thromboembolic disease
- characteristics of post-maturity syndrome
- oligohydramnios and passage of meconium in utero; scrawny neonate with dry peeling skin
- cardinal movements of labour
-
engagement
descent
flexion
internal rotation
extension
restitution (external rotation)
expulsion - a pregnant woman has hct of 10g/dL.
- Suspicious for iron deficiency (anything <11g/dL)
- test used to assess neural tube defects
- AFP or amniocentesis
- test used in 10th week gestation to screen for chromosomal abnormalities
- CVS
- appropriate antihypertensives in pt with severe pre-eclampsia
- hydralazine and/or BB (labetolol)
- abnormal HR pattern in contraction stress test
- late decelerations indicating fetal hypoxia
- discrepancy exists b/t fundal height and gestational age; biparietal diameter is normal but abdominal circumference is decreased
- asymmetric IUGR
- seizure prophylaxis in severe-preeclampsia
- MgSO4 IV
- HELLP syndrome
-
hemolysis
elevated liver enzymes
low platlets - cure for pre/eclampsia
- delivery
- cause of erythroblastosis fetalis
- maternal antibodies agains infant's Rh+ RBCs result in fetal RBC hemolysis
- cause of hydros fetalis
- decreased protein production by fetal liver, resulting in decreased oncotic pressure, edema, and high output cardiac failure
- preeclampsia in the first trimester is pathognomonic for what condition?
- hydatiform mole
- primary causes of third trimester bleeding
- placental abruption and placenta previa
- chromosomal pattern of a complete mole
- 46XX
- molar pregnancy containing fetal tissue
- partial mole
- symptoms of placental abruption
- continuous, painful vaginal bleeding
- symptoms of placenta previa
- self-limited, painless vaginal bleeding
- when should a vaginal exam be performed with suspected placenta previa
- never
- antibiotics with teratogenic effects
-
tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides,
sulfonamides - shortest AP diameter of the pelvis
- obstetic conjugate: b/t the sacral promontory and midpoint of the symphysis pubis
- medication given to accelerate fetal lung maturity
- betamethasone or dexamethasone x 48hrs
- most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
- uterine atony
- treatment for postpartum hemorrhage
- uterine massage, if fails - oxytocin
- typical abx for GBS prophylaxis
- IV penicillin or ampicillin
- patient fails to lactate after an emergency C-section with marked blood loss
- Sheehan's (post-partum pituitary necrosis)
- first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea
-
B-hCG
most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy - term for heavy bleeding during and b/t menstrual periods
- menometrorrhagia
- cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and hx of D&C
- Asherman's syndrome
- therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome
- wt loss and OCPs
- medication used to induce ovulation
- clomiphene citrate
- diagnostic step required in postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding.
- endometrial biopsy
- indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy
- stable, unruptured ectopic of <3.5cm at <6wks gestation
- medical options for endometriosis
- OCPs, danazol, GnRH agonists
- uterine bleeing at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed
- threatened abortion
- uterine bleeding at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; membranes ruptured; cervical os opened
- inevitable abortion
- laparoscopic findings in endometriosis
- chocolate cyst, powder burns
- most common location for ectopic pregnancy
- ampulla of oviduct
- how to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma
- U/S
- natural hx of leiomyoma
- regresses after menopause
- patient has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in upper vagina and cervix
- trichomonas vaginitis
- treatment for bacterial vaginosis
- oral or topical metronidazole
- most common cause of bloody nipple discharge
- intraductal papilloma
- contraceptive method that prevents against PID
- OCP and barrier contraception
- unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?
- endometrial and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
- patient with recent PID and RUQ pain
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatic abcess)
- breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of nipple
- Paget's disease
- Annual screening for women with strong family hx of ovarian cancer
- CA-125 and U/S
- 50 y/o woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?
- Kegels, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence
- 30 y/o woman has unpredictable urine loss. exam is normal. medical options
- anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or B-adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence
- lab values suggestive of menopause
- elevated serum FSH
- most common cause of female infertility?
- endometriosis
- two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)F/u evaluation?
- Colposcopy and endocervical curettage
- breast cancer type that increases future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts
- lobular CIS