Immune and cancer
Terms
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copy deck
- c-myc
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burkitt's
(oncogene) - bcl-2, fxn
-
follicular and undifft,
fxn=inhib apoptosis
(oncogene) - erb-B2
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breast, ovarian, gastric
(oncogene) - ras
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colon
(oncogene) - L-myc
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lung
(oncogene) - N-myc
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neuroblastoma
(oncogene) - Rb
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13q, retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma
if a person comes in with one, check for the other!
(oncogene) - BRCA1,2
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17q,13q breast, ovarian
(tumor suppressor) - p53
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17p, most human cancers, Li Fraumeni syn
(tumor suppressor) - APC
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5q colorectal
(tumor suppressor) - NF1,2
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17q,22q NF1,2
(tumor suppressor) - DPC
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18q, pancreatic
(tumor suppressor) - DCC
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18q colon (+gastric?)
(tumor suppressor) - name genes assoc colon ca
- ras (oncogene), APC, DCC (both tumor suppressors)
- bombesin
- neuroblastoma, lung, gastric tumor marker
- antimicrosomal Ab
- Hashimoto thyroiditis
- antimitochondrial
- PBC
- anticentromere
- Scleroderma, CREST
- AntiIgG
- RF
- IL1
-
sxn by macro,
+T, B, PMN, fibro, epithelial
endogenous pyrogen - IL2
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sxn by Th
+Th,T (also B?) - IL3
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sxn activ T
growth diffn BM (like GM-CSF) - IL4
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SXN Th
+IgE, IgG - IL5
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sxn Th
+ IgA - IL8
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sxn ?
major chemotactic for PMN - gamma IFN
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sxn by Th
stimulates Macrophages - TNF alph
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sxn macro
Th: incr IL2 R
B: prolifer
PMN: attract, activate - TNF beta
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sxn activ T
similar to TNF alpha
Th: incr IL2 R
B: prolifer
PMN: attract, activate - Th surface markers
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CD3,4,28
TCR - T surface markers
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CD3,8
TCR - B cell's surface markers
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CD19,20
B7, IgM - macro surface markers
- CD14, MHCII
- NK cell surface markers
- R for MHCI, CD16
- who has MHCI
- all cells except mature RBC
- cytokines secreted by Th
- IL2,4,5, gammaIFN
- cytokines secreted macro
- IL1, TNFalpha
- what stimulates macro
- gamma IFN (sxn by Th)
- Th cell activation: costimulatory signal
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B7,CD28
(B7 is on APC, CD28 on Th cell) - when Th activated what secrete
- IL2, gamma IFN
- what cytokine makes Th1? Th2?
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Th1=IL 12
Th2=IL4 - 1
- 1
- Th2 sxns? fxn?
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IL4,5 B cells difft into plasma cell
(Ab immunity) - TH1 act on?
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activated macro (gamma IFN)
activated T (IL2)
(cell immunity) - allotype v isotype v idiotype
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allotype=Ig epitope differs among species
isotype=IgG,IgA, etc, the heavv chain common to the class
idiotype=specific Ag (binding site) - compare MHCI,II in terms of R
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MHCI=1 polypeptide with beta-2 microglobulin
MHCII=2 polypeptides, alpha, beta chain - where MHCI,II loaded
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MHCI=RER (viral Ag)--all nu cells
MHCII=acidified endosome - name one allergy B cell mediated and one T
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B cell=hay fever, etc
T cell=poison oak - when do you really need T cells
- TB, virus infected cells, fungi
- complement: C3b
- opsonization
- complement: 3a, 5a
- anaphylaxis
- complement: defic C1 esterase
- hereditary angioedema (overactive complement)
- complement: defic C6-8
- Neisseria bacteremia
- defic DAF, what does it stand for
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PNH
DAF=delay activating factor - alternative pathway starts w
- C3
- Type I hypersensit
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Anaphylactic and Atopic (rapid)
Ag binds IgE on mast->degran
ex. anaphylaxis, asthma, hives, wheal and flare - complement: C1-4
- viral neutralization
- complement: C3 defic
- severe recurrent pyogenic snus and respir ifxns
- general role of interferons, then 3 specific roles
-
put un-infected cells on alert
-alpha, beta inhibit degrade viral mRNA
-gamma incr MHC1,II expression and Ag presentation
-activates NK to kill the viral infected cells - name 3 bac w Ag variation
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Salmon-2 flagellar
Borrelia-relapsing fever
N gonorrhea-pilus protein - name parasite w Ag variation
- trypanosomes (programmed rearrangement)
- Type II Hypersensit, ex
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Cytotoxic, IgM or IgG bind enemy, then either complement lysis, or phago
ex. AIHA, Rh dz, Goodpasteur, Rheumatic Fever, Graves, bullous pemphigoid - Type III Hypersensit
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=IC, serum sick, arthus
immune complex-Ag/Ab complexes activate complement, bringing PMN
(think of 3 things stuck together)
ex=PAN, IC GN, SLE, RA - Serum Sickness
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type III (w IC, arthus)
Ab formed ag foreign proteins (takes 5 d), then complement fixed->tissue damage
sx: fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD - Arthus rxn
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local subacute hypersensiti (III), form AgAb complexes in skin, activ complement
sx: edema, necrosis - ex Arthus
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis from actinomycetes
- Hypersens IV, ex
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delayed (cell mediated) sensitized T encounter Ag and rel lymphokines which activ complement
ex=TB,touching (contact dermatitis) ,transplant rxns - How to remember the hypersensitivities
- ACID
- RA which type
- III
- hives which type
- I
- asthma which type
- I
- Goodpasteur which type
- II
- rheumatic fever which type
- II
- bullous pemphigoid which type
- II
- PAN which type
- III
- SLE which type
- III
- wheal and flair which type
- I
- urticaria which type
- part of III serum sickness
- contact dermatitis which type
- IV
- PPD which type
- IV
- symptoms serum sickness, usu cause
- F, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD 5-10 d after Rx
- what usu activates alternate complement
- endotoxin (remember classic is IgG, IgM
- name gene types for MHCs
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I=A,B,C
II=DP,DQ,DR - what's IgD
- we don't know, on surface many B cells and in serum
- when give passive immunity (preformed Ab's)
- Tetanus, Botulinum, HBV, Rabies (To Be Healed Rapidly)
- dangerous infxns preg
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ToRCHeS
toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, HSV/HIV, syphilis - tuberous sclerosis facial (angiofibroma, sz, MR) assoc w
- astrocytoma and cardiac rhabdomyoma
- what's tuberous sclerosis
- facial angiofibroma, sz, MR
- Paget's dz assoc w
- 2 osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
- acanthosis nigricans assoc w
- visceral malig (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)
- name for benign teratoma
- mature teratoma
- name for epithelail cancers? mesenchymal?
-
epithel=carcinoma
mesench=sarcoma - which type of cell proliferations are reversible
-
-metaplasia (irritation)
-dysplasia (pre cancer) - difft bw dysplasia, anaplasia, neoplasia
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dysplasia=loss cell orient, shape, etc (preneo, reversible)
anaplasia=cells lacking difftn
neoplasia=clonal prolifer uncontrolled, excessive - diff hyperplasia, metaplasia
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hyperplasia=incrse number cells
metaplasia=1 adult cell type replaced by another, often due to irritation or environ exposure - which is usu more px: stage or grade?
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stage
remember TNM system (Tumor sie, Nodes, Mets) - HLA B27 assoc w
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PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reiters - HLA B8 assoc w
- Graves, Celiac sprue
- HLA DR2
- MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasteur
- HLA DR3
- DMI
- HLA DR4
- DM2, RA
- HLA DR5
- Pernicious Anemia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- HLA DR7
- steroid responsive nephrotic
- HLA type for RA
- DR4
- HLA type for Graves
- B8
- HLA type for Goodpasteur
- DR2 (along w MS, hay fever, SLE)
- HLA type for SLE
- DR2 (along w MS, hay fever, Goodpasteur)
- HLA type for celiac sprue
- B8
- HLA type for MS
- DR2 (along with hay fever, Goodpasteur, SLE)
- HLA type for steroid-responsive nephrotic syn
- DR7
- HLA for psoriasis
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B27
PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reiters - HLA for IBD
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B27
PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reiters - HLA for Reiters
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B27
PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reiters