Reproductive pathology
Terms
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- Undescended testes increasing the rate of malignancy and sterility.
- cryptorchidism
- Inflamation of the testes due to viral/bacterial infections (mumps/TB,syphilis) -->infertility.
- Orchitis
- _________ is the most common STD, male and female, causing ________ urethritis.
- Chlamydia, non-purulent
- Purulent urethritis is caused by ______.
- Neisseria gonorrhea
- Abnormal opening of the urethra on the lower shaft of the .
- hypospadia
- ________ is caused by benign hyperplasia of the prostate usually post-op, leading to constriciton of the urinary tract --> infection.
- Prostatitis
- This STD causes vessicles --> ulcers and has no cure.
- Herpes
- Treponema pallidum is a spirochete causing this STD.
- Syphilis
- Macular-papular rash, condyloma lata and mucous patch are signs of what stage of syphilis?
- secondary
- What stage of syphilis is charcterized by a chancre at the site of innoculation which usually heals in 4-6 weeks.
- primary
- Gummas (granulomas), tabes dorsalis (CNS - unsteady gate), dissecting arotic aneurysms, perivasculitis, dementia are signs of this NON curable stage of syphilis.
- tertiary
- Embryonal cell cracinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma are _________ germ cell tumors.
- non-seminomatous (NSGCT's)
- Most aggressive, 1/3 metastisize, NSGCT causing increased hCG.
- embryonal cell
- _____ tumor has a peak age of 3 w/ elevated alpha fetal protein.
- Yolk sac
- Which NSGCT is most malignant?
- Choriocarcinoma
- _______ are comprised of emdryonic layers which can be malignant.
- Teratomas
- T/F Benign prostate hyperplasia is related to prostate cancer.
- False - may co-exist
- Urinary obstruction, increased urinary frequency, hesitancy (stage fright), increased infections are symptoms of ______.
- benign prostate hyperplasia
- _________ carcinoma is the most common cancer in men and frequently metastisizes to ______.
- Prostate, bone
- List the risk factors of prostate carcinoma.
- none
- Which is not a predisposing factor for pelvic inflammatory disease: early ual activity, multiple partners, recurrent STD's, infertitlity, IUD use.
- infertitlity is a complication of PID
- Which is not a complication of PID: pain, infertitlity, l discharge, pelvic abscess, ectopic pregnancy.
- all are complications
- ________ is the most common malignancy of the female genitalia.
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Endometrial carcinoma risk factors include the following except: obesity, hypoestrogenism, nulliparous, early menarche or late menopause.
- hypoestrogen, HYPER is correct
- Cervical cancer commonly occurs in the "______" zone betweeen the endo and ecto-cervix.
- transition
- ________ is the most common uterine tumor, often multiple, and is estrogen sensitive.
- Leiomyoma (benign), increased incidence with inc estrogen
- T/F Leiomyomas are pre-malignant.
- False
- Endometriosis is manifested by severe menstrual pain; it is related to cancer.
- True; false it is not related to cancer
- Endometriosis is characterized by functional, hormonally responding endometrial tissue tumors forming ______ the uterus. This leads to menstrual bleeding "chocolate cysts" leading to pain, adhesions and _______.
- outside, infertility - due to close proximity to uterine tubes
- T/F Ovarian cancers cause more s than all other tumors of the female repro tract.
- TRUE
- Gastric carcinoma metastatic to overies featuring signet ring cells.
- Kruckenburg tumors - signet ring cells
- Preeclampsia causes all the following except: hypertension, albuminemia, edema, convulsions.
- convulsions = eclampsia
- Coma and convulsions during or immediately after pregnancy, characterized by edema, hypertension, DIC and proteinuria.
- eclampsia
- Sheehan syndrome is caused by _______ anterior pituitary necrosis.
- postpartum
- ________ results from abnormal fertilization (46XX paternal) causing grape-like placental villi in loose stroma.
- Hydatiform mole
- Edema of the eustachian tube causing fluid accumulation of the middle ear usually in children is _______.
- otitis media --> bulging tympanic membrane --> hearing loss