LOM 11 - Cardiovascular
Terms
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- Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
- Mitral Valve
- Abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
- murmur
- Muscle layer of the heart
- myocardium
- Sac-like membrane surrounding the heart
- pericardium
- Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
- Pulmonary Artery
- Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary valve
- one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
- Pulmonary Vein
- Partition; between the right and left sides of the heart
- Septum
- Pacemaker of the heart
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- Instrument to measure blood pressure
- Sphygmomanometer
- Flow of blood from the body cells to the heart and back out from the heart to the cells
- Systemic circulation
- Contraction phase of the heartbeat
- Systole
- Located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it has three leaflets
- Tricuspid valve
- Largest vein in the body
- Vena Cava
- One of two lower chambers of the heart
- Ventricle
- Small vein
- Venule
- angi/o
- vessel
- aort/o
- aorta
-
arter/o
arteri/o - artery
- ather/o
- yellowish, plaque, fatty substance
- atri/o
- atrium
- brachi/o
- arm
- coron/o
- heart
- cyan/o
- blue
- myx/o
- mucus
- phleb/o
- vein
- sphygm/o
- pulse
- steth/o
- chest
-
valvul/o
valv/o - valve
-
vas/o
vascul/o - vessel
- Chest pain due to a temporary difference between the supply and demand of oxygen to the heart muscle
- angina (pectoris)
- Antihypertensive drugs that block the conversion of angiotensin I to II and reduce blood vessel constriction. They prevent heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death.
- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Listening with a stethoscope
- auscultation
- Drugs used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrythmias
- beta-blockers
- Abnormal sound heard on auscultation
- bruit
- Drugs used to treat angina and hypertension by dilating blood vessels and block the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels.
- calcium channel blockers
- Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardioal space
- cardiac tamponade
- Pain, tension and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
- claudication
- A drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
- digoxin
- Clotts that travel to and suddenly block a vlood vessel
- emboli
- Area of dead tissue
- infarction
- Drugs used to treat angina
- nitrates
- Closure of a blood vessel
- occlusion
- uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
- palpitations
- Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
- statins
- Vibration felt on palpation of the chest
- thrill
- Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on the endocardium in conditions such as bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
- vegetations
- Abnormal heart rhythms
- arrhythmias
- Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node
- atrioventricular block (heart block)
- Rapid but regular contractions of the heart
- flutter
- Rapid, random, irregular contractions of the heart
- fibrillation
- Narrowing of the aorta
- Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
- A small duct (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and pulmonary artery which remains open after birth
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Small holes in the septa
- septal defects
- A congential malformation of the heart involving four distinct defects
- tetralogy of Fallot
- when the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
- congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
- coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
- endocarditis
- High blood pressure affecting the heart
- hypertensive heart disease
- Improper closure of the mitral valve
- mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
- Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
- pericarditis
- Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
- rheumatic heart disease
- Widening (dilation) of an arterial wall
- aneurysm
- High blood pressure
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Blockage of blood vessels outside of the heart
- peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
- Short episodes of pallor and cyanosis in the fingers and toes
- Raynaud disease
- Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurs in the legs
- varicose veins
- Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
- lipid tests
- Lipoproteins are physically separated in a blood sample
- lipoprotein electrophoresis
- Chemicals measures in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
- serum enzyme tests
- X-ray of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
- angiography
- Sound waves measure movement of blood flow
- Doppler ultrasound
- High-frequency sound waves and echoes produce images of the heart
- echocardiography (ECHO)
- Images showing blood flow and function of the myocardium following uptake of radioactive substances.
- positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- Technetium 99m sestamibi is injected IV and taken up in the area of an MI
- technetium (Tc) 99m Sestamibi scan
- Images of cardiac tissue produced with magnetic waves
- cardiac MRI
- A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
- cardiac catheterization
- Recording of electricity flowing through heart
- electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
- An ECG device worn for 24 hours to detect cardiac arrhythmias
- Holter monitoring
- ETT
- Exercise tolerance test
- very brief discharges of electricity applied to the chest to stop arrhythmias
- cardioversion (defibrillation)
- Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
- coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- surgical removal of the diseased inner layers of an artery
- endarterectomy
- A ballon-tipped catheter is inserted in to a coronary artery to open the artery then stents are put in place
- percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
- AF, Afib
- Atrial fibrillation
- AMI
- Acute myocardial infarction
- AS
- Aortic stenosis
- AV
- Atrioventricular
- BBB
- Bundle branch block
- BP
- Blood Pressure
- CABG
- Coronary Artery bypass graft
- CAD
- Coronary Artery Disease
- CCU
- Coronary Care Unit
- CHF
- Congestive Heart Failure
- CVP
- Central venous pressure
- ECG,EKG
- Electrocardiogram
- ECC
- Extracorporeal circulation
- ECHO
- Echocardiography
- MI
- Mycardial Infarction
- MR
- Mitral Regurgitation
- MUGA
- Multiple-gated acquistion scan, a radioactive test of heart function
- MVP
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- NSR
- Normal sinus rhythm
- PAC
- Premature Atrial Contraction
- PVC
- Premature Ventricular Contraction
- SA
- Sinoatrial
- SOB
- Shortness of Breath
- VSD
- Ventricular Septal defect
- UA
- Unstable Agina
- Largest artery in the body
- Aort
- Small artery
- Arteriole
- Specialized tissue betwen upper heart chambers. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker through this to the bundle of his. (transistor)
- Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- Specialized muscle fibers that carry the electric impulses to the ventricles (wires)
- Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
- Upper chambers of the heart
- Atrium
- Smallest blood vessel
- capillary
- Vessels that branch from the aorta with oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
- Coronary Arteries
- Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
- Diastole
- Inner lining of the heart
- endocardium
- Inner lining of blood vessels
- endothelium