classification and types of carriers of disease
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- ONE WAY TO CLASSIFY DISEASE IS BY OCCURRENCE ( HOW FREQUENTLY DOES THE DISEASE OCCUR WITHIN THE POPULATION) WHAT IS ANOTHER WAY THAT DISEASE CAN BE CLASSIFIED
- CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURRENCE
- LIST THE SIX PATTERNS OF OCCURRENCE
-
SPORADIC
ENDEMIC
HYPERDEMIC
EPIDEMIC
OUTBREAK
PANDEMIC - DEFINE SPORADIC
- THE DISEASE OCCURS AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS
- DEFINE ENDEMIC
- THE DISEASE OCCURS AT A LOW, STEADY FREQUENCY IN THE POPULATION
- DEFINE HYPERDEMIC
- THE DISEASE SHOWS A GRAUALLY MILD INCREASE ABOVE EXPECTED LEVELS
- DEFINE EPIDEMIC
- THE DISEASE SHOWS A RAPID, DRAMATIC INCREASE ABOVE EXPECTED LEVELS
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF SPORADIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- TYPHOID FEVER, MEINGOCOCCAL MENINGITAS
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ENDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- COLD AND FLU
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HYPERDEMIC( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- COLD/FLU IN THE WINTER
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EPIDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- AIDS, THE FLU IN SOME YEARS
- WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF EPIDEMIC
-
COMMON SOURCE EPIDEMIC
PROPOGATED EPIDEMIC - DEFINE COMMON SOURCE EPIDEMIC
- ALL INFECTED INDIVIDUALS COME INTO CONTACT WITH SOME CONTAMINATED SOURCE ie CONTAMINATED FOOD OR WATER
- DEFINE PROPOGATED EPIDEMIC
- INFECTION BEGINS WHEN ONE INFECTED INDIVIDUAL ( INDEX CASE) IS INTRODUCED INTO THE POPULATION THEN IT SPREADS THROUGH THE POPULATION
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF OUTBREAK( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- OCCURRENCE OF UNEXPECTED DISEASE, OFTEN OCCURS IN A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OR WITHIN A LIMITED PORTION OF THE POPULATION
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN OUTBREAK
- EBOLA , SARS
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF PANDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
- THE DISEASE OCCURS AT EPIDEMIC LEVELS OVER A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PANDEMIC
- AIDS, CHOLERA, PLAGUE
- DEFINE DISTRIBUTION
- DISTRIBUTION TELLS US HOW THE PATHOGEN SPREADS
- DEFINE "SOURCE"
- A LOCATION THAT SUPPORTS THE GROWTH OF THE PATHOGEN, FROM WHICH IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO A NEW HOST
- "SOURCE" IS RELATED TO ___________
- DISTRIBUTION
- WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF "SOURCE" ( DISTRIBUTION)
-
ABIOTIC SOURCE
BIOTIC SOURCE - DEFINE ABIOTIC SOURCE
- THESE ARE NON-LIVING SOURCES SUCH AS FOOD, WATER, SOIL
- DEFINE BIOTIC SOURCE
- LIVING SOURCES SUCH AS HUMANS AND ANIMALS
- WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON "SOURCE" OF HUMAN DISEASE
- HUMANS ARE THE MOST COMMON SOURCE OF DISTRIBUTION AKA A "CARRIER"
- WHAT ARE THE FOUR KINDS OF "CARRIERS"
-
ACTIVE CARRIER
CONVALESCENT CARRIER
INCUBATORY CARRIER
HEALTHY CARRIER - DEFINE "ACTIVE CARRIER"
- THE INDIVIDUAL HAS THE PATHOGEN PRESENT AND IS SHOWING THE S/S OF THE DISEASE
- DEFINE CONVALESCENT CARRIER
- INDIVIDUAL HAS RECOVERED FROM THE S/S , BUT STILL HAS PATHOGEN PRESENT
- DEFINE INCUBATORY CARRIER
- THE INDIVIDUAL HAS THE PATHOGEN PRESENT, BUT THE INDIVIDUAL WILL NEVER SHOW THE S/S
- DEFINE "TRANSMISSION"
-
TRANSMISSION TELLS US HOW THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS FROM THE "SOURCE" TO A NEW HOST
TRANSMISSION IS A FORM OF "DISTRIBUTION" - LIST THE THREE WAYS A PATHOGEN CAN SPREAD "DISTRIBUTION"
-
SOURCE
TRANSMISSION
EXIT MECHANISM - LIST THE (4) MAIN ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
-
AIRBORNE
DIRECT CONTACT
VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
VECTOR BORNE - DEFINE AIRBORNE ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
- THE PATHOGEN BECOMES AIRBORNE FROM THE SOURCE, THEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST
- HOW MAY AIRBORNE PATHOGENS TRAVEL (2 ) WAYS
-
DROPLET NUCLEI...TINY DROPLETS USUALLY FROM RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS ( SNEEZING, COUGHING, SPITTING,TALKING)
DUST----> ANTHRAX, STAPH, STREP - DEFINE DIRECT CONTACT ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
- TRANSMISSION REQUIRES PHYSICAL CONTACT BTWN THE SOURCE AND A NEW HOST
- GIVE EXAMPLES OF DIRECT CONTACT FORMS OF TRANSMISSION
- LESIONS, KISSING, SEX, TOUCHING, NURSING, PLACENTA, GIVING BIRTH
- DEFINE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
- THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST VIA AN INANIMATE CALLED "FOMITES"
- FOMITES ARE RELATED TO VEHICLE TRANSMISSION...GIVE EXAMPLES OF FOMITES
- NEEDLES, CUP, BEDDING, FORK, CLOTHING , TOWELS
- DEFINE VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
- THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST VIA A LIVING INTERMEDIATE CALLED VECTORS
- GIVE EXAMPLES OF VECTORS
- MOSQUITOS, TICKS, FLEAS, FLIES
- WHAT ARE THE (2) KINDS OF VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION
-
EXTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
INTERNAL VECTOR BORNE - DEFINE EXTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
- THE PATHOGEN IS CARRIED ON THE SURFACE OF THE VECTOR
- DEFINE INTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
- THE PATHOGEN IS CARRIED INSIDE THE VECTORS BODY ( MAY INVOLVE A LIFE CYCLE CHANGE)
- DEFINE EXIT MECHANISM ( A FORM OF DISTRIBUTION)
- HOW DID THE PATHOGEN LEAVE THE SOURCE
- WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS THAT PATHOGENS USE AS AN EXIT MECHANISM
-
PASSIVE ESCAPE
ACTIVE ESCAPE - MOST PATHOGENS EXIT BY __________ ESCAPE
- PASSIVE
- DEFINE PASSIVE ESCAPE
- THE PATHOGENS EXIT WITH BODILY SECRETIONS ( FECES, MUCUS, URINE, PUS) THE PATHOGEN DOES NOT "CHOOSE" TO EXIT
- DEFINE "ACTIVE ESCAPE"
- WORM SEEKS AN EXIT PORTAL AS AN AVE OF ESCAPE
- WHAT /WHO USES ACTIVE ESCAPE AS AN EXIT MECHANISM
- SOME PARASITE WORMS
- LIST SOME POSSIBLE EXIT PORTALS THAT PARASITE WORMS COULD USE AS A FORM OF ACTIVE ESCAPE
- ANUS, MOUTH, NOSE, EARS, EYES, LESION ON THE SKIN
- DEFINE "CONTROL"
- DETERMINES WHICH INDIVIDUALS IN THE POPULATION ARE THE MOST "AT RISK " FOR A DISEASE
- WHAT ARE THE THREE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RISK/SUSCEPTIBILITY
-
EXPOSURE
HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS
PATHOGENICITY - DEFINE "EXPOSURE"
- THE NUMBER OF PATHOGENS THAT AN INDIVIDUAL WILL COME IN CONTACT WITH
- GIVE EXAMPLES OF EXPOSURE
- OCCUPATION, GEOGRAPHY, LIFESTYLE, DIET, DRUG USE, SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS
- GIVE EXAMPLES OF DEFENSE HOST MECHANISM ( ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RISK/SUSCEPTIBILITY)
- AGE, DEPRESSED IMMUNE SYSTEM( STRESS , LACK OF SLEEP, AIDS) GENETICS, VACCINATIONS, MALNUTRITION
- DEFINE PATHOGENICITY
- THE ABILITY OF A MICROBE TO CAUSE A STATE OF DISEASE ( AKA VIRULENCE )