Advance Science Anatomy
Terms
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- adipose
- fat tissue
- adrenalin
- hormone released from the adrenal medulla; increases cardiac output and blood glucose levels - also called epinephrine
- alveoli
- the terminal sac-like endings of the respiratory system, where gas exchange occurs
- amylase
- one group of starch splitting enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related polysacrides; produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas
- antibodies
- protein found in blood plasma that binds to a specific usually foreign or toxic substance.
- aortic semilunar
- valve from right ventrical to aorta
- A-V node
- pacemaker in the right atrium
- axon
- main central process of a neuron that normally conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body
- Bowman\'s Capsule
- the enlarged end of the nephron; Bowman\'s capsule and glomerulus make up the renal corpuscle
- bronchi
- one of the finer subdivisions of the bronchial tubes -smooth muscle and elastic fibers
- bursae
- clsed sac or pocket containing synovial fluid, usually found where friction occurs, e.g. between bone and muscle or between bone and skin
- capillaries
- tiny blood vessel consisting of only sinple suqmous epithelium and a basement membrane; major sie for the exchange of substances between blood and tissue
- cartilage
- firm smooth resilient nonvascular connective tissue
- cervix
- lower part of uterus extending into the vagina; contains the cervical canal
- cilia
- extension of the cell surface that moves; functions to move materials along the surface of the cell
- collagen
- ropelike protein of the extracellular matrix. Porvides support and resists stretching
- colon
- division of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum; consists of asending transverse desending and sigmoid colons
- deamination
- breaking down groups of amino acids and turning them into urea (NH3)
- dendrite
- short tree-like cell process of a neuron; usually recieves stimuli
- dentin
- living cellular tissue calcified
- diaphragm
- muscular partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities; its movements produces mos of the changes in thoracic volume responsible for respiration
- diastole
- relaxation of the heart chambers during which the fill with blook; usually refers to ventricular relaxation
- ductus arteriosus
- a short artery that connects the pulmonary trunk with the aorta in a fetus; allows blood to bypass the lungs
- duodenum
- first division of the small intestine ; connects to the stomach
- dura matter
- tough fibrous membrane forming the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord
- emulsification
- two liquids with one liquid dispersed though the other liquid or in very fine globules - to form and elmulsion
- epiglottis
- plate of elastic cartilage covered with mucous membrane ; serves to cover teh opening to the larynx during swallowing
- epithelium
- one of the four major tissue types; consists of cells with a basement membrane, little extracellular material, and no blood vessels; covers the free surfaces of the body and forms glands
- erythrocytes
- red blood cells - bioconcave disk shaped cell the contains hemoglobin but does not have nucleus; transpots O2 and CO2
- estrogen
- hormone secreted primarily by the ovaries ; involved in maintenace and development of female reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and the menstral cycle
- excretion
- peeing!
- fertilization
- union of a sperm cell and an oocyte to form a zygote
- fibrillation
- rapid irregular beats of the heart
- fibrin
- a threadlike protein fiber derived from fibinogen by the action of thrombin;forms a clot i.e, a network of fibers that traps blood cells, palets and fluid which stops the bleeding
- Follicle Stim. Hor
- Hormone of the anterior piuitary in the female simulates the follicles of the ovary, assits in the maturation of the follicle, and causes secretion of estrogen from the follicel; in a male stimulates the epithelium of te seminiferous tubules and its partically respondsibe for induing spermatogensis
- forman ovale
- in the fetal heart, the oval opening in teh interatial septum with a valve taht allows blook to low from the right to the left atrium but now in the4 opposite direction; allos blood to by pass the lungs in the fetus; closes at birth
- glia
- (neuroglia) - Cells of the nervous system other than the neurons; play a support role in the nervous system
- granulocytes
- white blood cells characterized by presence of granuales aka luekocytes
- growth hormone
- (GH) Protein hormone of the anterior pituitary; it pormotes body growth, fat mobilization, and inhibition of glucose utilization
- Haversian
- (harversian canal) canal running parallel to the long axis of a bone; contains blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue.
- hemoglobin
- a substance in red blood cells consisting of four globin proteins, each with an iron-containing red pigment heme; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
- heparin
- an anticolaguent in blood
- homeostasis
- existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body with respect to the functions and the compostion of fluids and tissues
- implantation
- attachment of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus
- insulin
- protein hormone secreted from the pancreas that increases the uptake of glucose and amino acids by most tissues
- keratin
- fibrous protein complex found in the stratum corneum, hair, and nails; provides extra strenght
- leukocytes
- white blood cell round nucleated cell invoved in immunity. the five types of white blood cells are neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes ; also called a leukocyte
- ligament
- a band of dense connective tissue that connects tow or more bones cartilages or other stuctures
- lipase
- any fat splitting enzyme
- liver
- largest gland in the body,lying in the upper right portion of the abdomen just inferior to the diaphragm; secrestes bile and is of great importance in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and in detoxifying chemicals.
- loop of Henle
- U-shaped part of the nephron extending from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule and consisting of desending and ascending limbs; many of the loops of Henle extend into the renal pyramids.
- lumbar
- meaning torso in crazy terms
- matrix
- the extracellular substance of a tissue
- medulla oblongata
- inferior portion of the brainstem that connects teh spinal cord to the brain; contains nuclei controlling heart rate, respiration, and swallowing; contains ascending and desending nerve tracts
- medullary
- large marrow filled cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone.
- meninges
- (meninx) connective tissue membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord; the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
- menopause
- permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle
- menstration
- loss of blood and tissue as the endometrium of the uterus sloughs away at the end of the menstrual cycle
- mitral valve
- (bicuspid valve) valve consisting of tow cusps of tissue; located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
- muscle
- one of the four major tissue types; consists of cells with the ability to contract; skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
- myosin
- thick myofilament within the sarcomere
- nephron
- functional unit of the kidney, consising of bowmans capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop fo Henle, and the distal convolued tubule.
- neurotransmitter
- a chemical that a neuron relases into the synapse; serves to transmit information to another neuron or effector cell
- neutrophils
- white blood cell with granules that stain with neither basic or acidic dyes; small phagocytic white blood cell
- origin
- the origin of a muscle is where the muscle attaches to bone, occasionally another muscle
- osteocyte
- mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix
- ovary
- one of twi fenake reproductive glands located in the pelvic cavity; produces the oocyte, estrogen, and progesterone
- oviduct
- passage from the ovaries to the outside world
- ovulation
- release of an oocyte from the ovary
- pepsin
- principle digestive enzyme of gastric juice; digest proteins into smaller polypeptide chains.
- periodontal
- connective tissue that surronds the tooth root and attaches it to its bony socket.
- periosteum
- connective tissue sheath covering the entire surface of a bone except the articular surface, which is voered with cartilage.
- peristalsis
- waves of contraction and relaxatino moving along a tube; propels food along the digestive tube
- peritoneum
- membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity
- phagocytosis
- cell eating; process of ingestion by a cell of solid substances such as other cells, bacterica, bits of dead tissue, and foreign particles
- pharynx
- upper expaned protion of the difestive tube located between the esophagus and the oral and nasal cavites
- plasma
- fluid protion of the blood; blood minus the cells and fragments
- pleural
- space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura, normally filled with pleural fluid
- prolactin
- hormone secreted by the ovaries and by the placenta; necessary for the uterine and mammary gland development and function in pregnant and nonprognant women
- prostate
- a galnd that surronds the beginning of the urethra in the male; the secretion of the gland is a milky fluid that is discharged into the urethra as part of the semen
- reabsorption
- kidney reabsorption of everything except urea
- red marrow
- connective tissue within the cavities of bone; the site of blood cell production.
- rotation
- movement of a structure about its axis
- rugae
- role or ridge; fold of the mucous membrane of the stomach; trasverse ridge in the mucous membrane of the vagina
- sacral
- of the sacrum
- scapula
- two large flat bones of the shoulder
- secretion
- any substance that is secreted by and organism
- seminal vesicles
- one of two glandular structures that empty into the ejaculatory ducts; its secretion is one of the components of semen
- small intestine
- portion of the digestive tract between the stomach and the cecum; consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- sphincter
- A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning
- spleen
- large lymphatic organ in the upper part of the abdominal cavity on the left side, between the stomach and diaphragm; responds to teh microorganisms and foreign substances in the blood, destroys worn out reb blood celss, and is a reservoir for blood.
- spongy bone
- bone with a latticelike appearance, having spaces filled with marrow
- stomach
- an organ that stores food in the process of digestion
- striations
- parallel lines in muscle tissue
- sucrase
- name given to a number of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose
- synapse
- junction between a neuron and come other cell
- synovial
- connective tissue membrane lining the joint cavity (except for articular cartilage) or bursa; produces synovial fluid
- systole
- contraction of the heart chambers during which blood leaves the chambers; usually refers to the ventricular contraction
- tendon
- band of dense connective tissue that connects a muscle toa bone or other structure
- testes
- one of two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum; produces testosterone and sperm cells
- testosterone
- hormone secreted primarily by the testes; aids in spermatogenesis, cnotrols maintenance and development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics and influences sexual behavior
- thoracic
- space bounded by the neck, the thoracic wall and the diaphragm
- thrombocytes
- a cell fragment involved in platelet plug and clot formation
- thrombin
- coagulation protein
- thyroxin
- one of the hormones that contain iodine atoms
- tibia
- bone anterior to the fibula
- tidal volume
- the volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath during regular brathing; usually measured at rest but can refer to air movement during exercise
- tissue
- a collection of cells with similar structure and function, and the substances between the cells
- trachea
- air tube extending from the larynx inot the thorax, where it divides to form the two primary bronchi; has 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage in its walls; functions to conduct air
- tricuspid
- valve consisting of three cusps of tissue; located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart
- trypsin
- digestive enzyme in pancreatic juice; digest proteins and polypeptide chains into short amino acid chains
- urethra
- tue that carries urine from urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
- uterus
- hollow muscular organ in which the ferilized oocyte develops into a fetus
- vagina
- genital canal in the female extending fro mthe uterus to the vestibule
- vas deferens
- duct ofthe testicle running from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
- villi
- projection of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; functinos to increase surface area for absorption and secretion
- vital capacity
- the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume