Anti-Infectives
Small list of common anti-infective medications collaborated with Rod Storms and the illistrated nclex review guide.
Terms
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- cephalexin (Keflex)- action
- binds to bacterial cell wall membrane causing cell death
- trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)- nursing considerations
- increase fluid to prevent crystalluria, avoid prolonged sun exposure
- levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin- action
- inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase
- cephalexin (Keflex)- nursing considerations
- take with food or milk, should not be given if allergic to penicillin, begin with 1st generation to prevent resistance
- amoxicillin & penicillin- action
- binds to bacterial cell wall causing cell death
- levofloxacin (Levaquin)- class
- fluoroquinolone
- amoxicillin (Trimox)- class
- aminopenicillin
- ciprofloxacin (Cipro)- class
- fluoroquinolone
- vancomycin (Vancocin)- uses
- MRSA...severe resistant staphylococcal infection
- gentamycin (Garamycin)- nursing considerations
- assess peak and trough levels to determine toxic levels, drink 2000-3000 ml of fluid/day, assess for ototoxicity
- trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)- class
- sulfonamide
- azythromycin (Zithromax)- nursing considerations
- administer 1-2 hrs before meals with full glass of water, monitor bowels for blood
- trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)- action
- suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of folic acid
- vancomycin (Vancocin)- action
- inhibits cell wall synthesis- very powerful drug
- azythromycin (Zithromax)- class
- macrolide
- azythromycin (Zithromax)- action
- inhibits protein synthesis at the level of the 50s bacterial ribosome
- cephalexin (Keflex)- class
- 1st generation cephalosporin
- doxycycline (Vibramycin)- nursing considerations
- take with empty stomach, do not take antacids; dairy products or high calcium products for at least 2 hrs after, do not give with iron preparations, avoid direct/artificial sunlight
- vancomycin (Vancocin)- nursing considerations
- peak and trough levels need to be monitored, watch for ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and thrombophlebitis
- levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin- nursing considerations
- milk products reduce absorption, antacids should not be taken within 4 hr before or 2 hr after, IV infusion rate >60min
- penicillin (Veetids)- class
- penicillin
- gentamycin (Garamycin)- class
- aminoglycoside
- amoxicillin & penicillin- nursing considerations
- may reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives, monitor bowels for blood, pus or mucus
- gentamycin (Garamycin)- action
- interferes with protein synthesis
- anti-infectives- general nursing considerations
- assess for infections, obtain culture prior to therapy (although therapy may be started before results), assess for superinfections, teach client to finish entire prescribed coarse of medication
- doxycycline (Vibramycin)- action
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and the bacterial ribosome
- doxycycline (Vibramycin)- class
- tetracycline