Pharmtech Chapter 10 and Chapter 4 Pharmacology
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- 5 inhibit protein DNA
- Antibiotics work in one of ___ ways: (1) ___ cell wall formation, (2) block ____ formation, (3) disrupt cell membrane, (4) interfere with ____ formation, (5) prevent folic acid synthesis
- on an empty stomach deactivate
- Penicillin should be taken ____ with water because food slows its absorption. The acid in drinks can ____ the drug
- oxygen
- Aerobic bacteria need _____ to survive (cause most infections).
- Children and Pregnant women effectiveness Fetal renal syndrome
- ____ should not take tetracylines. When most drugs reach their expiration dates they simply lose ______. That is not true for tetracycline; they can cause fatal ___
- absence
- Anaerobic bacteria can survive in the ___ of oxygen (hospital infections-nosocomial).
- broader 3x 4x
- Penicillin has many therapeutic uses. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin have ___ antimicrobial spectrums than penicillin G and V. Amoxicillin is used more often because it is dosed ____ and Ampicillin is dosed ___ daily
- septicemia
- systemic disease associated with pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. aka blood posioning
- ototoxicity
- damaging hearing organs
- acrhomycin
- Tetracycline ( )
- sulfa food 6-8 glasses sunlight
- If a patient is allergic to _____, the alternative drug is usually nitrofuration (Macrodanting, Macrobid). Nitrofurantion should be taken with _____ to improve absorption, drink _______ of water and avoid alcohol and exposure to ______
- superinfection
- If bacteria or fungi restraint to drugs in use invade the body, a ____, a new infection complicating the course of therapy of an existing infection, may occur.
- oldest antibiotic
- Sulfa drugs are the ____ on the market.
- GI upset, nausea and vomiting
- side effects of Tetracycline include:
- Mycifradin
- Neomycin ( )
- community-acquired
- Gram-positive bacteria are commonly _______ infections
- vibramycin
- doxycycline ( ___ )
- Amioglycosides
- ____ Treatment: Treat life-threatening infections, sepsis (blood-borne infections), and peritonitis.
- bone infections
- Quinolones are among the drugs that penetrate ____ and are good for bone and joint _____
- Penicillin
- ____ side effect is diarrhea.
- safranin
- ___ stain = gram-negative
- Penicillin
- ____ treatment: abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, venereal diseases.
- Cephalosporins
- ____ side effects are the same as Penicillins.
- community - acquired infections
- not aquired in the hospital
- Tetracycline
- ____ are used to treat acne, chronic bronchitis, some venereal diseases, traveler's diarrhea (prophylaxis)
- cyclic lipopeptides
- ____ are a class of drugs that bind to bacterial membranes and cause the cell membrane to depolarize, thus leading to an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis.
- empirical treatment
- When the physician doesnt know the causative organism and doesnt have time to culture and get a definitive diagnosis until after the treatment has started, it is referred to as _______.
- mefaxin
- Cefoxitin (_____)
- macrolides
- class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by combining with ribosomes.
- Rocephin
- Ceftriaxone (____ )
- urinary tract infections
- Quinolones treatment includes bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, upper respiratory infections, _________
- streptogramins
- class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial ribosomes; useful in vancomycin treatment
- antiseptic disinfectant
- An _____, a substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms or a _____, an agent that frees objects from infection could be used to eradicate infections when applied topically , but their systemic use was ruled out because of safety.
- streptogramins
- ____ inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial ribosomes.
- bactericidal cell walls
- Penicillin is ____ in that it kills bacteria by preventing them from forming the rigid wall needed for survival. Human cells to not have ____ and are not affected by penicillin.
- quinolones
- ___ have strong, rapid bactericidal action against most gram-negative and many gram-positive bacteria.
- kills inhibits
- A bactericidal agent ___ organisms. A bacteriostatic agent ____ growth or multiplication of bacteria.
- 4
- Cephalosporins have ___ different generations
- Sulfonamide
- _____ treatment: UTI's, GI infections, lower respiratory infection, and general infections.
- hospital
- Gram-negative bacteria are found in the ___ environment
- crystal violet
- ____ stain = gram-positive
- tetracylines
- ___ are produced by soil organisms
- keflex
- Cephalexin (____)
- Amikin
- Amikacin (___)
- chelation
- combination with a metal in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring
- sepsis
- a systemic inflammatory response to infection resulting form blood-borne infections
- Minocin
- Minocyline ( _____)
- Cefepime
- ___ (maxipime) is an injectable fourth-Generation cephalosporin that has broad spectrum coverage.
- stevens-Johnson syndrome
- ___ - a variant form of erythema multiforme (redness of the skin) which can be fatal
- nephrotoxicity
- destructive to the kidney
- tequin
- Gatifloxacin ( ____)
- Ancef
- cefazolin (___)
- Tobroadex
- Tobramycin ( _____)
- serious infections bactericidal
- Aminoglycosides are commonly used to treat _____ and are _______
- nosocomial infections
- infections acquired by patients while they are in the hospital
- Gram's staining
- Depending on their chemical makeup, bacteria turn certain colors during the testing technique called ________
- Cephlosprins
- A patient allergic to penicillin has a 10% possibility that an allergy to _____ exists also and vice-versa.
- Quniolones
- ____ side effectsinclude: GI upset, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, joint swelling.
- everywhere
- Bacteria are single-celled organisms found almost ____. They can penetrate body tissues and set up areas of infection.
- Aminoglycosides
- ____ are commonly used to treat serious infections
- phototoxic
- Patients under 18 and Pregnant women should not take Quinolones. They are ___ and increase the risk of theophylline toxicity and antacids should not be taken with these drugs.
- Maxipime
- cefepime ( _____)
- tetracycline
- Patients taking ___ should be warned to avoid sun, dairy products, and antacids and to take drug on an empty stomach (except for doxycyline-very popular)
- antibiotics
- Cephalosporins are the most commonly used _____ because they cover a wide range of organisms and have a lower toxicity than other antibiotic with the same coverage.
- broader spectrum
- Cephalosporins have the same mechanism of action as penicillins but a ______ _____ of coverage.
- ketolides
- class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits and may inhibit formation of ribosomes.
- cipro
- Cirpfloxacin ( ____)
- antibiotic
- ___- - a chemical substance capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of organisms
- bacteriostatic
- Tetracycline are ____ (inhibit growth or multiplication of bacteria)