Imperialism Test Study Set
Terms
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- Commodore George Dewey
- led the U.S. naval forces to defeat the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
- yellow journalism
- Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
- Imperialism
- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
- "Seward's Folly"
- what some Americans considered the foolish purchase of Alaska from Russia by Secretary of State William Seward because they saw it as a barren land of icy mountains and frozen fish
- Purchase of Alaska
- In December, 1866, the U.S. offered to take Alaska from Russia. Russia was eager to give it up, as the fur resources had been exhausted, and, expecting friction with Great Britain, they preferred to see defenseless Alaska in U.S. hands. Called "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Icebox", the purchase was made in 1867 for $7,200,000 and gave the U.S. Alaska's resources of fish, timber, oil and gold.
- Queen Liliuokalani
- *Last Queen of Hawai'i *Deposed by those who sought annexation to the US *Helped to establish a new constitution which strengthened native Hawaiian claims and weakened foreign commercial interests
- Philippine Insurrection
- Even before the Philippines was annexed by the U.S. there existed tension between U.S. troops and Filippinos. One U.S. sentry shot a Filippino who was crossing a bridge. The situation deteriorated and eventually we entered into a war with the Philippines. It would take two years to settle this dispute, as compared to the four months needed to defeat the once powerful Spain. Though the U.S. had better arms, the guerilla warfare employed by the Filippinos left the Americans outmatched. Between 200,000 and 600,000 Filippinos died in the war, most from sickness and disease caused by the war. Less than 5,000 Americans were killed in the combat. Emilio Aguinaldo helped Americans fight Spain only to turn on them once free. In 1901, Aguinaldo surrendered which greatly hurt the Filippino cause. The war formally ended in 1902, though the fighting would continue until 1903. The Philippines was not an independent nation until July 4, 1946.
- superpower
- nations with enough military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide, a nation possessing military and economic power far greater than those of most other nations
- Annexation of Hawaii
- US overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in order to make Hawaii their own for its great location and farming conditions.
- isolationism
- having little to do with the political affairs of other nations
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
- empire
- a form of government in which an individual or a single people rules over many other peoples and their territories
- Commodore Matthew Perry
- the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854., United States Navy officer who is responsible for opening Japan to trade and imperialism in the 1800's after taking ships to Japan
- collective security
- The principle of mutual military assistance among nations
- spheres of influence
- areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)
- expansionism
- extending its politcal boundaries
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743)
- The Rough Riders
- a Volunteer Cavalry Regiment made up of a mixed group ranging from cowboys to college students led by Teddy Roosevelt to defeat Spanish forces on San Juan Hill
- "White Man's Burden"
- the so-called responsibility of white Europeans to spread their religion and culture to people who were "less civilized" than them, devised by British writer Rudyard Kipling
- "Remember the Maine"
- the cry of publisher William Hearst's papers to go to war with Spain because they were believed to have sunk the U.S. warship the U.S.S. Maine
- Boxer Rebellion
- 1900 revolt in which Chinese nationalists known as the Boxers attacked foreigners in order to end outside involvement in Chinas affairs; put down by U.S. marines and other forces after two months
- internationalism
- police: ex: intervening in other countries; affairs to promote important national interests and / or to safeguard national security./
- Open Door Policy
- where any nation could trade in the spheres of others
- Joseph Pulitzer
- owner of the New York World; launched a series of crusades against corruption and complacency; cultivated "stunt" journalism; began the approach to "new journalism." (Sensationalism)
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I. Several ships were named USS Mahan, including the lead vessel of a class of destroyers. His research into naval History led to his most important work, The Influence of Seapower Upon History,1660-1783, published in 1890
- Building of the Panama Canal
- Very difficult project that impacted pacific-atlantic shipping. Finished by USA under teddy roosevelt. 27,500 died during construction.
- Teddy Roosevelt
- President for eight years; republican, progressive president; rough riders captain, trust buster (40 suits; broke up monopolies, enforced anti monopoly deal, takes on the robber baron); gives us the National Park System; takes on the role of protecting the people, protecting the environment, established Panama Canal
- Spanish American War
- War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
- Mexican American War
- Causes::::: American Imperialism, and Mexico's unstable gov't deterred them from being able to focus on the problem of the imposing Uncle Sam on their backyard. Effects::::: The Mexican-American War had many long-term effects. The first and most obvious is the vast territory Mexico was forced to give up to the United States, including the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. California also became a state after the war, following the short-lived 'California Republic' which had been declared in Sonoma by American settlers in revolt against Mexico (their flag is now the California state flag). The leading American general of the war, Zachary Taylor, would later be elected the 12th President. However, the the most important event (at least in American history) that resulted was the American Civil War.
- William Randolph Hearst
- United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951).