Cosmo 2 Study Guide Part 1
Terms
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- ACNE
- Skin disorder by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions.
- ALBINISM
- Congenital leukoderma or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, eyes.
- ANHIDROSIS
- Dificiency in perspiration, often result of fever or certain skin diseases
- ASTEATOSIS
- Condition of dry , scaly skin due to deficiency or absence of sebum; cuased by old age and by exposure to cold
- VASAL CELL CARCINOMA
- Most common and lest severe type of cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules
- BROMHIDROSIS
- Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet
- BULLA
- Large blister containing a watery fluid, similar to a vesicle but larger.
- CHLOASMA
- Condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin, in spots that are not elevated.
- COLLAGEN
- Fibrous protien that gives the skin form and strength
- COMODENES
- Blackheads
- CRUST
- Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebus and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.
- CYST
- Abnormal sac containing fluid above and below the skin.
- ECZEMA
- Inflammatory, painful itching desease of the skin , acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions.
- ELASTIN
- Protien base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue.
- EXCORIATION
- Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
- FISSURE
- Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis, such as chapped hands or lips.
- Herpes Simplex
- Fever blister or cold sore.
- HYPERHIDROSIS
- Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.
- HYPERTROPHY
- Abnormal growth of skin
- KELOID
- Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
- KERATOMA
- Acquired, superficial, thickned patches of epidermis comonly known as callus, caused by pressure or friction on hads and feet.
- LENTIGNES
- Freckles
- LEUKODEMA
- Skin disorder characterized by light abnomal patches; caused by burning or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells.
- MACULA
- Small, discolored patch, freckle.
- MALIGNANT MELANOMA
- Most serious form of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised
- MELANIN
- Tiny grains of pigment deposited in the stratum germinativum of the epidermis and the papillary layers of the dermis.
- WHEAL
- Itchy, swollen lesion that last only a few hours; caused by a blow, insect bite, urticaria, or sting of the nettle.
- VITILIGO
- MILKY-white sports (leaukoderma) of the skin , acquired condition
- VESICLE
- Small blister or sac contaning clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis
- ULCER
- Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth.
- TUMOR
- Abnormal cell mass, varying in size, shape, and color
- TUBERCLE
- Abnormal rounded. solid lump above, within, or under the skin.
- Tan
- Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet rays.
- STEATOMA
- Sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor
- STAIN
- Abnormal brown or wine- colored skin discoloration with circular and irregular shape.
- SKIN TAG
- Cutaneous outgrowth of the skin
- SEBORRHEA
- Skin condition caused by an abnormal increase of secretion from the sebaceous glands
- SCAR
- Light colored slighly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion
- SCALE
- Any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily, such as abnormal or excessive dandruff
- ROSACEA
- Chronic congeston appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose, characterized by redness, dilation of the blood vesseles and the formation of papules and pustules.
- PUSTULE
- An inflamed pimple contianing pus
- PSORIASIS
- Skin disease characterized by red patches; covered with whitesilver scales usually found on scalp, elbows, knees, ches, and lower back.
- PAPULE
- Pimple
- NEVUS
- Small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
- MOLE
- Small brownish spot or blemish on the skin
- MILIARIA RUBRA
- Prickly heat; acure imflammatory disorder of the sweat glands
- MILIA
- Whiteheads
- Roud shpaed bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in a group.
- Cocci
- Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. the cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
- Staphylococci
- Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep thought and blood poisoning.
- Streptococci
- Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
- Diplococci
- Rod shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lock-jaw), Typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphteria.
- Bacilli
- Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. they are subdivided into subgroups such as treponema papillida, which causes syphillus, a sectually transmitted disease (STD), or Borrelia burgdorderi, which causes lyme disease.
- Spirilla
- The Study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures.
- Physiology
- The Study of the tiny structures found in living tissue, that is , microsopic anatomy.
- Histology
- Is a protective covering on body surfaces.
- Epithelial Tissue
- A chemical process tha takes place in living organisms, whereby the cells are nourished and cary out the activites.
- Metabolism
- Is constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process the body stores water, food, and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth.
- Anabolism
- Is the phase of metabolism that isbolbes the breaking down of cmolex compounds wihin the cell into smaller ones, This process releases energy thta has been stored,
- Catabolism
- A specialist in the cleaning preservation of helath, and beautification of the skin and body.
- Esthetician
- The outer most layer of the skin. AKA the Cuticle, also the thinnest layer of skin.
- Epidermis
- THe deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of seveal layers of differently shaped cells. produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsicle for the growth of the epidermis. Contains mlanocytes.
-
Stratum Germinativum
the Basal cell layer. - A temporary side bond between one element ajfacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH
- Salt Bonds
- An exampole of an ammonia compound that is used to raise the pH of hair
- Ammonium Hydroxide
- A carbuncle is an of the subcutaneous tissue caused by
- Staphylococci
- hair flowing in the same dirrection, the result of follicles slping in the same direction form a
- Hair Stream
- Current research confims that dandruff is the result of a fungus called
- Malassezia
- Chemical compund that holds together amino acids molecules are
- Peptide Chain
- The term used to measure the strenght of an electric current
- AMP
- The layer that consists of transparent, scale like cells that look like shingles on a roof
- Cuticle Layer
- A severy type of dandruff characterized by an accumultion of greasy or waxy scalp scales mised with sebum
- Pityriasis Steatoides
- Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties; it is, however a form of
- Energy
- The Melanin that provides brown or black color to hair is
- Eumelanin
- Hydroxide chemical relaxers break sidulofide bonds and covert them to
- Lanthionine bonds
- The cortes is responsible for the natural color of hair, 90 percent of the total wight and hair
- Elasticity
- Current thta shold not be used on clients who are pregnant, have high blood pressure, or have a pacemaker
- Tesla high frequency
- An infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is
- Pediculosis Capitis
- The avarage growth of healthy scalp hair is about
- 1 inch per month
- The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the fow of electrons forward through a conductor is
- Volt
- A small coned shapted are located at the base of the hair follicle thta fits into thto hair bulb is the
- Dermal Papilla
- The electrical appliance connection that supplies currento the circuit is the
- live connection
- The fibrous protien core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the
- Cortex Layer
- The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of
- Karatinezed Protien
- Thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillationo or Vibration is
- Tesla Current
- Introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is a process known as
- Iontophoresis
- A condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swelings along the hair shaft is
- Trichorrhexis Nodosa
- Infered lanps used during hair treatments and to process hair color should be operated at a distance of at least
- 30 inches
- The tpe of fungal infedction that is characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicle is
- Tinea Capitis
- A combination light of all the visible rays of the spectrum is refrred as
- White light
- Cordless electric clippers and battery chargers convert AC currents from a wall unit to DC Current needed to recharge the DC batteries with the use of
- A Rectifier
- A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite is
- Scabies
- The most commonly used modality is
- Galvanic Current
- A sweet,colorless, oily substance that is used as a moisturizer in skin and body creams is
- Glycerin
- Susbsance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix are
- Surfactants
- The specail device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit and overloading the Circuit is a
- Fuse
- The Three different types of cross linkis that form bonds between the polypeptide chains in the cortex are
- Hydrogen, salt and disulfide bonds
- A substance usually liquid that dissovles another substance to form a solution is
- Solute
- Tthe current for facil and scalp treatments is measured in
- Milliamperes
- A mesurement of how much electricity is being used in one second is
- Watt
- Rays with short wavelengts that are the least penetrating, produce chemical effects and kill germs are
- Blue LIght
- Dry hair and scalpt should be treated with products that contian moistureziers and
- Emollients
- Substances used to neutrulize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
- Alkanolamines
- The Tickened,club like shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the
- Hair Bulb
- There are how many naturally occuring elements each with its own distinctive physical and chemical properties
- 90 elements
- The resting or final phase of the hair cycle that last until the fully grown hiar is shed is the
- Telogen Phase
- Suspension diffre from solutions in that suspensoins contian particles that are
- Emulsified
- The term used to descrive the shape of the hair stand is the
- Wave pAttern
- Tinea is characterized by itching sclaes and sometimes painful circulation lesions and is cused by
- Fungal Organism
- The even flowing elcric current that travels in one direction only
- Direct Current
- Liquids that are not capableof being mixed into stable solutions are
- Immiscible
- The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is
- Pheomelanin
- The degree of tension used on hairlines with strong growth patterns or around the ear is
- Minimum Tention
- Another term that is used to describe the medulla of the hair structure is the
-
Core
Medulla is the core of the hair follicle. - A violet base color will deliver cool results and will minimize unwanted
- Yellow Tones
- In a one step color service, 40 volume hydrogen peroxide is used to provide
- Maxumum Lift
- The Fatty layer of the dermis is the
- Subcutaneous Layer
- Total immersion of impliments while they are disinfecting is a requirement of the
-
EPA
Enviroment Protection Agency. - The Facial skeleton is composed of how many bones.
- 14 bones.
- Demipermanent color are also known as
- Deposit only Colors
- During a retouch relaxer applicatoin, to avoid overprocessing or hair breakage, do not
- Overlap the Relaxer.
- The Living skin at the nail plate covering the matrix are is the
- Eponychium
- The double rod technique is also called the
- Piggyback Wrap
- The wrap that is used on endpaper folded in half over the hair ends like an envolope is
- Bookend Wrap.
- Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a solution that is
- More Alkaline
- A simple two starnd braid in which the hair is picked up from the sides and added to stands as they are
- Fisthtail
- A small scooper shaped implement used to remove debvris in fail folds and cuticle area is a
- Curette
- The Thickened, clublike structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the
- Hair Bulb
- Hair that is best braided slightly damp or very lightly coated with a wax or pomade to make it more pliable is
- Straight, Resistant Hair.
- Theh treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, to be purified.
- Filtration
- The Romans used hair color to indicate their class in society.
- Noble women tinted their hair red. Middle class women colored thier hair blond. And poor women colored thier hair black.
- Middle Ages
- Women wore makeup on thier cheeks and lips but not on thier eyes
- Steam distillation was founded by the
- Persians
- VIctorian Age
- Victorean women are said to have pinched their cheeks and bitten their lips to induce natrual color rather than used cosmetics such as rouge or lip color.
- Hair removal by means of an electrical current that destroys the growth cells of the hair is
- Electrolysis
- Alkali substances used to temporarily remove superflous hair at the skin level are
- Depilatories
- When tweezing the skin should be held taut and hair pulled using a quick motion
- in the direction of the hair growth.
- During an analysis procedure, claning milk is applied to the skin using
- upward circular movements
- Obvious pores on the surface of the skin indicate
- oily skin ares.
- Dry skin that is not producing enough sebun is also known as
- alapidic
- The difference between closed and open comedones is the size of the follicle opeing or
- the Ostium
-
Acne bacteria that cannot survive inthe presence of oxygen is called
pustules
acids
ampoule
anaerobic - Anaerobic
-
Foaming wash off type clansers contain a detergent tha is also known as
Astrigent
Enzyme
Tonic
Surfactant - Surfactant
-
Products that are designed to lower the pH of the skin after claning and aid in the removal of excess claning products are:
Disinfectants
Toners
Surfactnats
Exfoliants - Toners
-
Cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove dead skin from the:
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Keratoma
Stratum Granulosum - Stratum Corneum
-
Exfoliating Chemical that dissolve or lossen dead cell buildup are:
Sodium Chloride
Tonic Lotions
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
Ammonia Hydroxide - Alpha Hydroxy Acids
-
A popular type of enzyme peel that does not dry and ca be used during a steam treatment is the:
Liquid Form
Gommage
Emulsifying Form
Powder Form - Powder Form
-
Skin products that have a higher concentration of ingridients are :
Mask
Washes
Serums
Tonics - Serums
-
Oil absorbing masks that have an exfoliation and astringent efect, making large pores appear smaller are:
Clay based
Serum Based
Enzume Based
Astrigent Based - Clay Based
-
Masks that contain special crystal and dry to a plaster like consistency are:
Alginate Masks
Gel Masks
Medium Masks
Modelage Masks - Modelage Masks
-
The manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, kneading, or other movements is called:
Metabolism
massage
absorption
physiology - Massage
-
The directoin of movement in massage should always be from insertion of the muscle toward the:
Origin
External surface
internal surface
ligaments - Origin
-
Every massage should begin and end with the massage movements of
Stroking
friction
effleurage
kneading - Effleurage
-
A Kneeding movemet that is perfomed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue with light, firm pressure is
petrissage
fulling
effluerage
tapotement - Petrisage
-
A deep rubbing movement in which pressure is applied to the skin while moving ove an underlying structure:
Kneading
friction
rubbing
tapotement
- Friction
-
An applicator used to direct electric current from a machine to the clients skin is a:
apparatus
charger
electrode
extractor - Electrode
-
LIght therapy using a light emitting diode uses blue light to treat skin that is
Acne prone
too smooth
dry
sensitive - Acne Prone
-
A mechanical exfoliation that uses a closed vacuum to shoot crystals onto the skin is:
micrograhphs
desincrustation
microdermabrasion
enzyme peels - Microdermabrasion
- OSHA
- Occupationla Safety and Health Administration.
- MSDS
- Material Safety Data Sheet
- EPA
-
Enviromental Protection Agency
- Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit
- Nail Disorder
- Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal
- Eggshell Nails
- Leukonychia
- white spots; whitish discoloration of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area
- Split or brittle nails that also have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate
- Onychorrhexis
- Edges of the nail plate curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or come around the free edge
- Trumpet/Pincer Nails
- The condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit
- Nail Disease
- Ingrown nail
- Onychocryptosis
- Condition that affects the surface of the nail plate, causing it to appear rough and pitted, as well as causing reddish spots on the nail bed and onycholysis
- Nail Psoriasis
- Fungal infection of the feet (Athletes foot)
- Tinea Pedis
- Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, forming a dark purplish spot, usually due to injury
- Bruised Nails
- The darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band under or within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge
- Melanonychia
- Type of highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited; also called "folden nail"
- Plicatured Nail
- Parasites, which under some circumstances may cause infections of the feet and hands
- Nail fungus
- Any deformity disease of the natural nails
- Onychosis
- Loosening of the nail without shedding
- Onycholysis
- Bacterial inflammation of the tissues of the nail; pus, thickening, and brownish discoloring of the nail plate
- Paranychia
- Fungal infections of the natural nail plate
- Onychomycosis
- Vertical lines running the length of the natural nail plate, usually related to normal aging
- Ridges
- A condition on which the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes slit or torn
- Hangnail
- Bitten nails
- Onychophagy
- Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury or allergic reaction
- Nail Apterygium
- One of the several common bacteria that can cause nail infection
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
- The inflammation of the nail matrix with shedding of the nail
- Onychia
- Ingrown nails
- Onychocryptosis
- The technical term for toenails and fingernails
- Onyx
- The separation and falling off of a nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
- Pyogenic Granuloma
- Ringworm; reddened patches of small blisters; slight or severe itching
- Tinea
- Women applied preparations of white lead on their faces, kohl on their eyes and vermillion on their cheeks and lips. Red pigment was made by grinding cinnabar.
- Greeks
- Noblemen tinted hair red, middle class colored theirs blond, and poor women colored their hair black
- Romans
- Culture that refound the process of steam distillation.
- Persians
- Made nail tinters with gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites
- Chinese
- The first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion. Used minerals, insects and berries to create makeup for their eyes, lips, and skin
- Egyptians
- "skilled in the use of cosmetics"
- kosmetikos
- Term used to encompass a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and improving the skin.
- Cosmetology
- these women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to add natural color to their faces
- victorian
- Establishes the values of the business and what it lives by
- Mission Statement
- The study of how a workplace can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficiency, and productivity
- Ergonomics
- Inability to cope with a threat
- Stress
- Round shaped bacteria
- Cocci
-
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes.
Ex: abscesses, pustules, and boils - Staphylococci
-
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads.
Cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning - Streptococci
- Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia
- Diplococci
- Short rod-shaped bacterial
- Bacilli
- A spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria
- Spirilla
- One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics
- Bacteria
- The life cycle of bacteria consists of what two phases?
-
The active stage
The inactive or spore-forming stage - During the active sate, bacteria...
- Grow and reproduc
- When cells reach their largest size, they divide into two new cells. This is called?
- Mitosis
- Occurs when the body tissues are invaded by disease causing or pathogenic bacteria
- Infection
- An organism that grows, feeds, and shelters on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism
- Parasite
- Contagious is also known as
- Communicable
- A microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants and animals.
- Virus
- A bloodborne virus that damages the liver
- Hepatitis
- What does HIV stand for
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- What does AIDS stand for
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- A skin disease caused by head lice
- Pediculosis capitis
- Skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burros under the skin
- Scabies
- Partly inherited immunity and partly developed through healthy living
- Natural immunity
- Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease
- Acquired immunity
- Sanitation
- Removing all visible dirt and debris; cleaning
- Disinfection
- the process that kills most, but not all, microorganisms on non-living surfaces
-
Chemical agents that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses
Not for use on skin - Disinfectants
- Sterilization
- Complete elimintation of all microbial life
- Percentage that of alcohol that has to be used as a disinfectant
- 70%