Chinese Musical Instruments
Terms
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- QIN
- A seven-stringed zither without frets on the bridges
- Characteristics and History of the Qin
-
-It is the oldest and highest standing/status, intellectuals of the royal court.
-it is private and calm
-mostly professional, but can be ameture
-has programatic titles - The two types of Notation for the Qin
-
1) Wenzipu- prose tablature
2) jianzipu- writing character tablature-use of #'s in strings, stopping, and finger direction - Characteristics of Chinese music
-
-little improv
-notated system
-memorized
-repetition(internal)
embellished genre/instrument related peices
-has approaches to parallels:
-plato ca. 427-347 BC
-confusius ca. 551-479 BC - YANGQIN
-
"foreign zither"
- large dulcimer struck with bamboo sticks
-padded bamboo sticks,(not balsa wood like in Mid East) - CHENG
- -16 stringed instrument with moveable bridges
- PIPA
- -4 stringed lute, pearshaped with short neck and has 24 frets
- ERHU
-
2 stringed bowed chordophone
-hollow cylindrical body
-one end covered in snake skin
-related to the sanxian - YUEQIN
-
(not a zither)
"moon lute"
-4 stringed lute and round body and has a variety of neck lengths - DIZI
- -Small 6-hole transverse flute
- SUONA
-
(oboe like)
-conical, double reed instrument - SHENG
-
(Mouth Organ)
-17 bamboo pipes in circle
-each reed attached to base chamber of the body of the instrument
-made of copper, wood, or gourd and fixed to the mouth peice - Mao Zedong
- 1950-says that music transforms behavior
- DANPIGU
- -large single-headed drum
- BAN
- -a wooden clapper
- GU
- -a small framed, flat drum
- Jiangnan sizhu
-
-Traditional form of Chinese music
-Jiangnan "background" South of Yangtze River
-sizhu "silk bamboo" - WUYU
-
"wooden fish"
-a wooden slit drum in a shape of a fish - PONGZHONG
- small hand bells
- Ba Da Qu
-
"Eight Great Famous Peices"
-heterophonic and acceleration with development - WENZIPU
- prose tablature
- JIANZIPU
-
character written tablature
-use of #'s for strings, stopping, and finger direction - DAPU
- technique of reading tablature
- SANQI
-
"Intoduction"
Begins slowly with free meter, and the introduces the notes of the mode - RUDIAO
-
"Entering the Music"
(longest) -moves away from the SANQI and develops the meter and main motives
-varied by extension or reduction of them
-changes tempo, timbre, or register - RUMAN
-
"Becoming Slower"
-further variation of the motives
-FUGI-"restatement" in longer compositions
-3rd part of the QIN style - WEISHENG
-
"Tail Sounds"
-the coda-always in harmonics and closes the piece - Fei Shi
-
Accesable music -for children
and moraly healthy
-opposes court music
-music of the theater
-est. in the 20th cent-for Mao Zedong, and propagana - Mass Songs
- Songs for the Masses
- Peking opera
- major significant art form of China
- Jing Ju
-
Theater of the Capitol
The dance and Style:
-dates to mid 9th cent
-wide array of story types
-wide audiences
5 roles of Jing Ju
1)Sheng
2)Dan
3)Jing
4)Mo
5)Chou - xiosheng
- young man of Jing Ju
- Laosheng
- old man of Jing Ju
- Dan
- Major female role of Jing Ju
- Qingyi
- virtuous woman of Jing Ju-may be sung by a man
- Huadan
- Young woman/coquette of Jing Ju
- Daomodan
- Female Warrior of Jing Ju
- Laodan
- Old woman of Jing Ju
- Jing
-
painted face role of Jing Ju
Identifies the personality of the Character - Mo
- Minor Male Role in Jing Ju
- Chou
- Male comic role-clown
- Wuchang
-
percussive part of Opera
-rhythmic base and acc. dance with gongs - Arrangements of Wenchang
-
1) Trio-large gong-(daluo), small gongs (xiaoluo), small pair of cymbals (naoba)
2)Duet-naola & xiaolo-tragic scenes
3)Solo-xiaoluo (lyrical/tranquil scenes)
-arias based on 30 pre-existing riffs, ban-melodic rhythmic patterns, sprechstimme - 2 main types of Arias of Wuchang
-
By rhythm, tempo, and scale
-Xipi-wide variety of drama, rhythmicly varied and lively aria
-Erhuang-moderate tempo, tragic, lyrical, contemplative scenes with diatonic scale