AP Euro: Ch 12: The Age of REligious Wars: 1-72
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after met, captholics began Jesuit-led internatiojal counteroffensive against Protestant -
Council of Trent: 1563
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revokes Edict of Nates--force Europe to learn lessons of religious wars -
Louis XIV
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rulers- subordinate theological doctrine to political unity, urging toleranec -
politiques
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Louis XIV- pursuit of political and religious unity -
one king, one church, on law
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-french protestants-term from man who led revolt against House of Savory -
Huguenots
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-subjected french protestants to Inquisition -
Edict of Fontainebleau: 1540
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Hapsburg wars ended with it -
Treaty of Cateau-Chambresis: 1559
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-powerful family that competed for king Frances II with power in south and west -
Bourbons
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powerful family-controlled center of France -
Montmorency-Chatillons
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-strongest of the families and had little trouble establishing control over Frances -
Guises
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-regent for Charles IX; tried to reconcil protestant and catholic factions; sought allies among protestants -
Catherine de Medicis
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granted protestants freedom to worship publicly outside towns and to hold synods -
January Edict: 1562
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-ended in third war-the crow granted Huguenots religious freedoms within territories and right to fortify cities -
Peace of Saint-Germaine-en-Laye: 1570
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-exiled reformer-cause crushed Mary of Guise, and Mary I
-declaired removal of heathen tyrant was christian duty -
1558: John Knox/ "First Blast of the Trumpet Against the REgiment of Women"
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-theory of resistance
-beyond calvins views-justified correction and overthrow of tyrannical rulers -
1574: Theodore Beza/ "On the Right of Magistrated Over Their Subjects"
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-admonished princes, nobels, and magistrated beneth the knig, as guardians of the rights of body politic, to take up arms against tyranny in other lands -
1579: Philippe de Plessis Mornay's/"Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants"
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-formed in 1576 by Henry of Guise ans Huguenots -
Catholic League
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granted the Huguenots almost completre religious and civil freedom -
Peace of Beaulieu: 1576
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Henry IV said whe npublicly abjured protestant faith and embraced traditional religion of country -
"Paris is worth a mass"
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proclaimed formal religious statement -
Edict of Nates: 1598
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ended hostilities betwen france and spain -
Treaty of Vervins: 1598
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-of spain, venice, and pope formed to check Turkish belligerance in Mediterranean -
1571: Holy League
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-largest naval battle of 16th century; Don Jhon engaged Ottoman navy under ALi Pasha at__ -
1571: Battle of Lepanto
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-headed regent council; hoped to check protestant gains by internal church reforms; break down local autonomy by stages and establish ventralized governmetn -
Cardinal Granville
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-fusion of political and religious oppostion to Regent Margarets Gov.
-convent drawn up-pledge to resist decrees of Trent and Inquisition -
1564: Compromise
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-Philip determined to make example of Protestant rebels sent him to suppress revolt
-with persecution and taxs his rule sent thousands to flee -
Duke of Alba
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a governor -
stadholder
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international group of anti-spanish exiles and criminals -
Sea Beggars
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-helped form an opposition to spanish overlords who sought to reimpose traditional rule
-placed Netherlands political autonomy above religious creeds -
William of Orange
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protestants led by him-heir to French throne by virtue of marriage to Maragret of Valois -
Henry of Navarre
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the ten Caatholic southern provinces came together with the Protestant norther in unified opposition to Spain
-declared internal regional sovereignty in matters of religion -
1576: Pacification of Ghent
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-southern provinces and within five months made peace with Spain
-later were cause of Counter Reformation -
1579: Union of Arras
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nothern provinces formed this -
1579: UNion of Utrecht
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Catholic;-had popular vote
-unpopular political marriage and pursued foreign policy that cost england last enclave on Calais
-burned a lot of protestants -
Mary Tudor
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teenage daughter of powerful protestant nobleman and granddaughter of Henry VIII's sister Mary
-did not have popular vote -
Jane Grey
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those whom Mary exiled and fled , usually to Germany and Switzerland
-there worshiped in own congregations -
Marian Exiles
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Marys half sister; successes in domestic and foreign policy -
Elizabeth I
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Elizabeths advisor; helped guide religious settlement through Parliament that prevented englands destruction -
Sir William Cecil
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repealing all the anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and asserting Elizabeths right as supreme -
1559: Act of Supremacy
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revision of Cranmers original 42 made a moderate Protertantism the offical religion within Curch of England -
1563: Thirty-Ninr Articles of REligion
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Catholic extremists hoped to replace Elizabeth with
-had unblemished claim to throne -
Mary Stuart, Mary of Scots
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protestants working within the national church to 'purify' in of vestige of popery and to make doctrine percise -
Puritans
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led puritans; popular support; respected man -
Thomas Cartwright
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-puritans worked through Parliament to create alternative national church governed by represenative presbyteries -
Presbyteries
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extrene puritans who wanted congregations to be autonomous -
Congregationalists
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-gave option of either conforming to practices of Curch of england or exile or death -
Conventicle Act of 1593
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-provided english soldiers and cavalery to the Netherlands -
1585: Treaty of Nonsuch
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Scottish reformer
-publicly spoke against Mary's private mass
-won support in role from Eliz. and Cecil -
John Knox
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Eliz. secretary; uncovered plot against her involving Spanish ambassador -
1583: Sir Francis Walsingham
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after man who was caught seeking Spanish support for attempt in queens life
-proof of Mary's involvment -
Babingron Plot
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-successful shelling of port city of Cadiz; attack inflicted damage on Spanish ships
-incapacitated Spain; delayed Spain's invasion of England -
Sir Francis Drake
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invasion barges for transporting Spainish soldiers from galleons to englad were prevented from leaving -
Calais/ Dunkirk
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-swifter english and netherland ships; dispersed waiting spanish fleet -
"English Wind"
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-in HRE was last and most destructive war of religion
-every major european land became invovled; peace terms shaped map of northern europe as we know it -
Thirty Years War
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given each significant degree of sovereignty within own borders -
1555: Peace of Augsburg
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-4 periods--first -
Bohemian Period
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determined to restore Catholic to Hapsburg land; revoked religious freedoms of Bohemian protestants -
Hapsburg Ferdinand
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protestant freedoms broadened by Emperor Rudolf II in -
1609: Letter of Majesty
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protestant nobility response to less freedom
-3 officials fell 50 ft. into dry moat padded with manure -
"Defenestration of Prague"
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-4 periods--second -
Danish Period
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of Denmark-eager to extend influence to North Sea-defeated by Maximilian -
Christian IV
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powerful mercenary-carried Ferdinands campaign to Denmark -
Albrect of Wallenstein
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proclamation that reasserted Catholic safeguards of P. of Augsburg -
1629: Edict of Restitution
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Gustavus move on Germany, France and Sweden ally, Protestants defeated, Treaty of Prague-strengthened Hapsburgs, weakened German prince -
Swedish Period
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unified Lutheran-leader of Protestant forces-opens Swedish period -
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
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goal protect France-keeps Hapsburg tied down -
Cardinal Richelieu
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Adolphus-mobility of warfare-fire and relocate -
Fire-and-charge tactics
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German Protestants compromise w/ Ferdinand -
1635: Peace of Prague
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French intervene (Richelieu wants to weaken Hapsburg), Augsburg includes Calvinists, France predominant power -
Swedish-French Period
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hostilities ended, ruler determine religion of land, Calvinists recognition, German princes supreme over principalities, Prussia dominant German state -
1648: Treaty of Wesphaila
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emerged as powerful German state- -
Brandenburg-Prussia
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France forced it on Spain and Spain became dominant in Europe -
1659: Treaty of Pyrenees
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