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AP Euro: Ch 12: The Age of REligious Wars: 1-72

Terms

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ch12

after met, captholics began Jesuit-led internatiojal counteroffensive against Protestant
Council of Trent: 1563

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revokes Edict of Nates--force Europe to learn lessons of religious wars
Louis XIV

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rulers- subordinate theological doctrine to political unity, urging toleranec
politiques

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Louis XIV- pursuit of political and religious unity
one king, one church, on law

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-french protestants-term from man who led revolt against House of Savory
Huguenots

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-subjected french protestants to Inquisition
Edict of Fontainebleau: 1540

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Hapsburg wars ended with it
Treaty of Cateau-Chambresis: 1559

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-powerful family that competed for king Frances II with power in south and west
Bourbons

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powerful family-controlled center of France
Montmorency-Chatillons

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-strongest of the families and had little trouble establishing control over Frances
Guises

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-regent for Charles IX; tried to reconcil protestant and catholic factions; sought allies among protestants
Catherine de Medicis

#11 ch12
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granted protestants freedom to worship publicly outside towns and to hold synods
January Edict: 1562

#12 ch12
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-ended in third war-the crow granted Huguenots religious freedoms within territories and right to fortify cities
Peace of Saint-Germaine-en-Laye: 1570

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-exiled reformer-cause crushed Mary of Guise, and Mary I
-declaired removal of heathen tyrant was christian duty
1558: John Knox/ "First Blast of the Trumpet Against the REgiment of Women"

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-theory of resistance
-beyond calvins views-justified correction and overthrow of tyrannical rulers
1574: Theodore Beza/ "On the Right of Magistrated Over Their Subjects"

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-admonished princes, nobels, and magistrated beneth the knig, as guardians of the rights of body politic, to take up arms against tyranny in other lands
1579: Philippe de Plessis Mornay's/"Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants"

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-formed in 1576 by Henry of Guise ans Huguenots
Catholic League

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granted the Huguenots almost completre religious and civil freedom
Peace of Beaulieu: 1576

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Henry IV said whe npublicly abjured protestant faith and embraced traditional religion of country
"Paris is worth a mass"

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proclaimed formal religious statement
Edict of Nates: 1598

#21 ch12
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ended hostilities betwen france and spain
Treaty of Vervins: 1598

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-of spain, venice, and pope formed to check Turkish belligerance in Mediterranean
1571: Holy League

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-largest naval battle of 16th century; Don Jhon engaged Ottoman navy under ALi Pasha at__
1571: Battle of Lepanto

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-headed regent council; hoped to check protestant gains by internal church reforms; break down local autonomy by stages and establish ventralized governmetn
Cardinal Granville

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-fusion of political and religious oppostion to Regent Margarets Gov.
-convent drawn up-pledge to resist decrees of Trent and Inquisition
1564: Compromise

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-Philip determined to make example of Protestant rebels sent him to suppress revolt
-with persecution and taxs his rule sent thousands to flee
Duke of Alba

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a governor
stadholder

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international group of anti-spanish exiles and criminals
Sea Beggars

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-helped form an opposition to spanish overlords who sought to reimpose traditional rule
-placed Netherlands political autonomy above religious creeds
William of Orange

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protestants led by him-heir to French throne by virtue of marriage to Maragret of Valois
Henry of Navarre

#19 ch12
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the ten Caatholic southern provinces came together with the Protestant norther in unified opposition to Spain
-declared internal regional sovereignty in matters of religion
1576: Pacification of Ghent

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-southern provinces and within five months made peace with Spain
-later were cause of Counter Reformation
1579: Union of Arras

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nothern provinces formed this
1579: UNion of Utrecht

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Catholic;-had popular vote
-unpopular political marriage and pursued foreign policy that cost england last enclave on Calais
-burned a lot of protestants
Mary Tudor

#34 ch12
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teenage daughter of powerful protestant nobleman and granddaughter of Henry VIII's sister Mary
-did not have popular vote
Jane Grey

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those whom Mary exiled and fled , usually to Germany and Switzerland
-there worshiped in own congregations
Marian Exiles

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Marys half sister; successes in domestic and foreign policy
Elizabeth I

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Elizabeths advisor; helped guide religious settlement through Parliament that prevented englands destruction
Sir William Cecil

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repealing all the anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and asserting Elizabeths right as supreme
1559: Act of Supremacy

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revision of Cranmers original 42 made a moderate Protertantism the offical religion within Curch of England
1563: Thirty-Ninr Articles of REligion

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Catholic extremists hoped to replace Elizabeth with
-had unblemished claim to throne
Mary Stuart, Mary of Scots

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protestants working within the national church to 'purify' in of vestige of popery and to make doctrine percise
Puritans

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led puritans; popular support; respected man
Thomas Cartwright

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-puritans worked through Parliament to create alternative national church governed by represenative presbyteries
Presbyteries

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extrene puritans who wanted congregations to be autonomous
Congregationalists

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-gave option of either conforming to practices of Curch of england or exile or death
Conventicle Act of 1593

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-provided english soldiers and cavalery to the Netherlands
1585: Treaty of Nonsuch

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Scottish reformer
-publicly spoke against Mary's private mass
-won support in role from Eliz. and Cecil
John Knox

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Eliz. secretary; uncovered plot against her involving Spanish ambassador
1583: Sir Francis Walsingham

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after man who was caught seeking Spanish support for attempt in queens life
-proof of Mary's involvment
Babingron Plot

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-successful shelling of port city of Cadiz; attack inflicted damage on Spanish ships
-incapacitated Spain; delayed Spain's invasion of England
Sir Francis Drake

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invasion barges for transporting Spainish soldiers from galleons to englad were prevented from leaving
Calais/ Dunkirk

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-swifter english and netherland ships; dispersed waiting spanish fleet
"English Wind"

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-in HRE was last and most destructive war of religion
-every major european land became invovled; peace terms shaped map of northern europe as we know it
Thirty Years War

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given each significant degree of sovereignty within own borders
1555: Peace of Augsburg

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-4 periods--first
Bohemian Period

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determined to restore Catholic to Hapsburg land; revoked religious freedoms of Bohemian protestants
Hapsburg Ferdinand

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protestant freedoms broadened by Emperor Rudolf II in
1609: Letter of Majesty

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protestant nobility response to less freedom
-3 officials fell 50 ft. into dry moat padded with manure
"Defenestration of Prague"

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-4 periods--second
Danish Period

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of Denmark-eager to extend influence to North Sea-defeated by Maximilian
Christian IV

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powerful mercenary-carried Ferdinands campaign to Denmark
Albrect of Wallenstein

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proclamation that reasserted Catholic safeguards of P. of Augsburg
1629: Edict of Restitution

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Gustavus move on Germany, France and Sweden ally, Protestants defeated, Treaty of Prague-strengthened Hapsburgs, weakened German prince
Swedish Period

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unified Lutheran-leader of Protestant forces-opens Swedish period
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

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goal protect France-keeps Hapsburg tied down
Cardinal Richelieu

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Adolphus-mobility of warfare-fire and relocate
Fire-and-charge tactics

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German Protestants compromise w/ Ferdinand
1635: Peace of Prague

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French intervene (Richelieu wants to weaken Hapsburg), Augsburg includes Calvinists, France predominant power
Swedish-French Period

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hostilities ended, ruler determine religion of land, Calvinists recognition, German princes supreme over principalities, Prussia dominant German state
1648: Treaty of Wesphaila

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emerged as powerful German state-
Brandenburg-Prussia

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France forced it on Spain and Spain became dominant in Europe
1659: Treaty of Pyrenees

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Deck Info

72

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