Kaplan US History: The Colonial Period
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Spanish Armada
- 1588: Spanish navy that was defeated by the British; English nationalism -> encouraged colonization of the New World
- enclosing
- process in which many British farmers worked for landlords; New World offered economic possibilities
- conflict with Catholic Irish
- Britain owned the Irish; crown could concentrate on overseas exploration
- primogeniture
- firstborn son could inherit the family wealth
- Protestant Reformation
- British people wanted religious freedom! more reason to head over to the New World
- joint stock company
- investors pooled their money for a share of the profits; helped to establish Jamestown and Plymouth
- proprietary colony
- owned by a person or group who appointed the governor of the colony; no royal influence
- self-governing colony
- chose their own governors but functioned under the King
- royal colony
- owned by the crown
- the Lost Colony
- Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to colonize Roanoke Island off the coast of Virgina in 1585; failed and disappeared o_O
- Virginia Company of London
- a joint-stock company that received a charter from James I; settled in Jamestown; all settlers were entitled to the same rights that they would have enjoyed in England
- Captain John Smith
- commanded Jamestown by forcing the men to work for survival
- Pocohantas
- tried to cool down hostility between the Native Americans and the English; later married John Rolfe
- Lord De La Warr
- fought two Anglo-Powhatan Wars; eventually, all of the Powhatans died due to disease and inability to unite with the colonists
- Pilgrims
- separatist Puritans who wanted to dissolve from the Church of England; signed the Mayflower Compact, an agreement of cooperation
- John Carver and William Bradford
- both of them governed Plymouth Colony at one point
- Wampanoag and Squanto
- two Native American tribes that befriended the settlers of Plymouth Colony
- Great Migration
- 1630's: demand for land and food strained relations with the Native American tribes
- John Rolfe
- by 1612: perfected tobacco growing; one-crop economy; tobacco depleted nutrients, so more land required
- headright system
- more land in exchange for buying the passage of European colonists to the New World; used in Maryland and Virginia
- Nathaniel Bacon
- indentured servant who became free; protested Virginia Governor Berkeley's policy regarding Native Americans
- Bacon's Rebellion
- around 1676: triggered large-scale slavery for fear of indentured servants
- Virginia House of Burgesses
- beginning of representative democracy; representatives were voted by male landowners
- Maryland
- 1634: founded by Lord Baltimore; proprietary; religious tolerance to Christians only
- Carolina
- 1670: named after Charlies I; proprietary; leading port city; rice and indigo as cash crops
- Barbados Slave Codes of 1661
- tightly controlled slaves under the grip of masters
- North Carolina
- 1712: split from South Carolina; characterized by an independent spirit (later important for Revolution)
- Georgia
- 1733: last Southern colony; James Ogelthorpe sought to create a prisoner refuge; funded by the crown to defend against French and Spanish; everyone except Catholics okay