The circulatory system
Terms
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- medium for disseminating oxygen, nutrients, and various cell products to the body tissues and removing metabolic wastes
- blood
- Blood flow
- RA-tricuspid-RV-pulmonary valve-pulmonary circulation
- Blood flow(O2 in lungs)
- lungs-LA-mitral valve-LV-aortic valve-systemic circulation
- In pulmonary and systemic systems, blood flow
- arteries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-heart
- impulse-conduction system begins
- SA-node
- SA node is located in?
- RA
- pacemaker of heart
- SA node
- SA Node is innervated by?
- both divisions of the ANS (sym increases and parasym decreases)
- AV node
- wave comes here through internodal pathways
- Where is AV node located?
- interatrrial septum
- AV bundle
- bundle of His; gives off Purkinje fibers
- Where is AV bundle located?
- interventricular septum
- endocardium
- lines inside of heart
- Where are Purkinje fibers found?
- subendocardial connective tissue (endocardium)
- myocardiun
- thick middle layer *cardiac muscle
- epicardium
- outer heart covering *mesothelium
- pericardium
- sac that contains heart *fibrous and serous
- tricuspid
- b/w RA and RV
- mitral (bicuspid)
- b/w LA and LV
- chordae tendinae
- (mitral and tricuspid) help prevent blood from being forced back into the atria
- pulmonary semilunar
- b/w RV and pulmonary artery
- aortic semilunar
- LV and aorta
- elastic arteries
- largest (aorta,pulmonary)
- muscular arteries
- transport blood; smooth muscle innervated by postganglionic symp; media and adventitia are same thickness
- arterioles
- smallest; regulate blood flow into capillaries
- innervated by postganglionic fibers; media 1-5 layers
- arterioles
- primary determinant of systemic blood pressure
- regulation in smooth muscle in arterioles
- capillaries
- supply oxygen, nutrients, and tissue fluids; single file blood cells
- this vessels' endothelial cells often exhibit endocytotic pits and coated vesicles
- capillaries
- continuous capillaries
- most common; least leaky
- Where are continuous capillaries found?
- muscle
- Where fenestrated capillaries found?
- sml intest., kidney, endocrine glands
- Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?
- liver, spleen, bone marrow, endocrine glands
- precapillary sphincter
- regulates amount of blood entering capillary bed
- arteriovenous shunts
- allow blood to pass directly from arteries to veins
- where do plasma and leukocytes escape during acute inflammatory reactions?
- venules
- Who has a better developed vasa vasorum
- veins
- walls of ? contain more lymphatics?
- veins
- lymphatic capillaries
- end blindly; lack a distinct basement membrane; do not have pericytes; have anchoring filaments
- Which vessels do not contain three layers
- capillaries and venules
- tunica intima of elastic, muscular, and arterioles
- endothelial layer, basment membrane, internal elastic membrane
- tunica media of elastic and muscular
- smooth muscle, external elastic membrane, elastin
- tunica media has only 1-5 layers of smooth muscle
- arterioles
- tunica adventitia of elastic and muscular
- collagen, elastic, fibroblasts, vasa vasorum
- tunica adventitia of arterioles
- has no vasa vasorum; collagen and elastic
- Most parts of the body have?
- fascia occludens b/w capillary endothelial cells
- In the brain?
- zonula occludens b/w ecapillary endothelial cells
- blood-brain barrier
- zonula occludens forming complete seal
- contain numerous pinocytotic vesicles
- fenestrated capillaries
- contain macrophages
- sinusoidal capillaries
- terminal arterioles
- deliver blood to capillaries
- Volume of blood passing thru capillary bed is controlled by?
- precapillary spincters at regions where capillaries arise from terminal arterioles and metarterioles and by vasoconstriction of the metarterioles themselves
- flow of blood from capillaries and metarterioles
- postcapillary venules-collecting venules-muscular venules-small collecting veins
- Where do lymphatic vessels drain?
- thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct