Comparative Vert Final
Terms
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- The portion of the aorta above the pharynx that merges at the level of the liver is called the ________.
- Paired dorsal aorta
- Paired vessels unite at the level of the liver to form this blood vessel which supplies blood to the posterior part of the body.
- Dorsal aorta
- This vessel eventually becomes the caudal artery.
- Dorsal aorta
- The vessels branching off the ventral aorta are called _______.
- Aortic arches
- The vessel leaving the conus arteriosus are called ________.
- Ventral aorta
- These vessels sprout from the anterior end of the dorsal aorta and supply blood to the brain.
- Internal carotids
- These vessles sprout anteriorly from the ventral aorta and supply blood to the ventral region of the brain.
- External carotids
- This vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
- Pulmonary artery
- This vessle carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
- Pulmonary vein
- This vessel connects the pulmonary artery to the dorsal aorta.
- Ductus arteriosus
- These vessels include the base of the aortic arch, the aortic arch itself and the arched section of the dorsal aorta.
- Systemic arches (IV)
- These vessels are derived from anterior extensions of the caudal vein.
- Subintestinal veins
- This vessel carries blood from the intestine to the liver.
- Hepatic portal vein
- This vessel is the main route of blood from the tail, pelvic appendages, and kidney in lungfishes and tetrapods.
- Postcava
- This system transports blood returning from capillary beds within the tail or hindlimbs through the kidneys to the cardinal system.
- Renal portal system
- This vessel empties into capillary beds within the kidneys.
- Renal Portal Vein
- This vessel is the major vein that receives blood returning from the posterior and anterior cardinal veins.
- Common cardinal vein
- This vessels drains the anterior portion of the body, head and neck
- Anterior cardinal vein
- This vessel drains the posterior portion of the body.
- Posterior cardinal vein
- This set of veins arise from the ventral side of kidneys, drains and runs forward, and empties into posterior cardinals.
- Subcardinal vein
- Veins from the lateral body wall and posterior appendages empties into the common cardinal vein via the ________ __________ _______.
- Lateral abdominal vein
- In amphibians, the left and right lateral abdominal veins empty into this single median vein which runs along the floor of the body coelom.
- Ventral abdominal vein
- This vein drains the head of fishes and joings the common cardinal vein.
- Inferior Jugular Vein
- This vein is derived from the anterior cardinal vein and drains the blood from the head. Its origin is in amphibians.
- Internal jugular vein
- This vein drains the blood from the head and lies outside the internal jugular vein.
- External jugular vein
- This part of the kidney consists of the glomerulus, renal capsule, and collecting tubule.
- Nephron
- This is derived from mesoderm and consists of nephrotomes and nephric ridge.
- Mesomere
- The anterior segmented region of the mesomere is the _______.
- Nephrotomes
- The posterior not segmented region of the mesomere is the _____________.
- Nephric ridge
- This region of the kidney is a ball of capillaries with high pressure arterial vessels at both ends.
- Glomerulus
- This portion of the nephron collects filtrate.
- Renal capsule (Bowman's capsule)
- This portion of the nephron has regional differentiation and selective absorption and secretion occurs here.
- Renal tubule
- In mammals, this portion of the nephron contains the loop of henle.
- Renal tubule
- The nephon empties into this portion of the kidney.
- Collecting duct
- A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge is called a _____________.
- Pronephros
- This kidney usually forms only as a transient embyro structure.
- Pronephros
- This kidney if formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle of the nephric ridge.
- Mesonephos
- This kidney is usually a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronophros.
- Mesonephros
- This kidney is formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter.
- Metanephros
- This kidney usually replaces the embyronic pronephros and mesonephros.
- Metanephros
- The proneohros gives rise to theis duct that induces development of posterior tubules.
- Pronephric duct
- This is the name of the adult kidney formed from the mesonephros and additional tubules from the posterior region of the nephric ridge.
- Opisthonephros
- This is the metanephric duct arising as a uteteric diverticulum and draining the metanephros.
- Ureter
- This type of gonads are indifferent in early developent.
- Indifferent gonad
- This area of the gonad is a looser array of cells adjacent to coelomic epithelium
- Cortex of indifferent gonad
- This area of the indifferent gonad arises from germinal epithelium and regresses in females and enlarges in males.
- Cortex of indifferent gland
- This region of the indifferent gonad has compact cells adjacent to the kidney.
- Medulla of indifferent gland
- This region of the indifferent gonad arises from the blastema and regresses in males and enlarges in females.
- Medulla of indifferent gland
- The female gonads are the ____.
- Ovaries
- The male gonads are the _____.
- Testis
- A _____ transmits waves of depolarization (action potentials). = information transfer
- Neuron
- This is the 'neural glue' that supports and electrically insulates neurons.
- Neuroglia
- A nerve fiber of a neuron that carries an impulse away from the cell body is called a ________.
- Axon
- A nerve fiber of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is called a ______.
- Dendrite
- The region of contact between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ is called a _______.
- Synapse
- A neuron cell that has many projections from the cell body is called __________.
- Multipolar
- A neuron cell that has one axon segment projecting from the cell body is called _______.
- Unipolar
- A neuron cell that has two axon segments projecting from the cell body is called ________.
- Bipolar
- This pathway consists of sense organs in the skin, tendons of skeletal muscle, and skeletal muscle.
- Somatic information pathway
- This pathway consists of sense organs in walls of viscera such as strength receptors.
- Visceral information pathway
- This pathway carries information from parts of the body to the brain.
- Sensory (afferent) information pathway
- This pathway carries information from the brain to parts of the body.
- Motor (efferent) information pathway
- The nervous tissue composing the brain and the spinal cord.
- Central Nervous System
- The cranial and spinal nerves and their associated ganglia that are not part of the central nervous system are part of the _________.
- Peripheral Nervous System
- The vertebrate brain forms initially as three enlarfed areas which means it is a _________ brain.
- Tripartite brain
- The three parts of the tripartate brain are _______, ______, and ________.
- prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon
- The elarged spaces in the brain are the _________ of the brain.
- Ventricles of the brain
- This part of the brain is surrounded by mesencephalon and midbrain and is the center for sensory input and motor info.
- Cerebral aqueduct
- This is the connective tissue membrane that is partly derived from the neural crest.
- Meninx
- This is a thin neural layer found in fishes
- Primary meninx
- This is a this neural layer founf in tetrapods other than mammals
- Secondary menimx
- This is dense connective tissue covering the brain.
- Dura mater
- These layers of the mammalian brain are derived from the spliting of the secondary meninx.
- arachnoid and pia mater
- This is the middle later of connective tissue covering the mammalian brain.
- Arachnoid
- Thus is the innermost layer of connective tissue covering the mammalian brain.
- pia mater
- This region of the tripartite brain divides into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.
- Prosencephalon
- This region of the tripartite brain is made up of the cerebellum, pons (in mammals), and medulla
- Rhomdencephalon
- This region of the prosencephalon receives sensory input from 'lower' brain centers, and integrate and initiates descending information.
- Telencephalon
- This portion of the telencephalon receives sensory input from lower brain sensors
- Cerebrum or cerebral hemispheres
- This part of the brain has two sides and surrounds lateral ventricles and includes olfactory bulbs.
- Cerebrum or cerebral hemispheres
- The __________ extends from prosencephalon to telencephalon and is subdivided into three regions.
- pallium